Reasoning and learning have been considered fundamental features of intelligence ever since the dawn of the field of artificial intelligence, leading to the development of the research areas of automated reasoning and machine learning. This paper discusses the relationship between automated reasoning and machine learning, and more generally between automated reasoning and artificial intelligenc...

The goal of having computers automatically solve problems is central to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the broad area encompassed by what Turing called ‘machine intelligence’ [384]. Machine learning pioneer Arthur Samuel, in his 1983 talk entitled ‘AI: Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going’ [337], stated that the main goal of the fields of machine learning and artificial intel...

The goal of getting computers to automatically solve problems is central to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the broad area encompassed by what Turing called “machine intelligence” (Turing, 1948, 1950). In his talk entitled AI: Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going, machine learning pioneer Arthur Samuel stated the main goal of the fields of machine learning and artificial intel...

In artificial intelligence systems, various machine learning algorithms are used as learning algorithms. The most used artificial intelligence approaches are symbolic rule-based systems and subsymbolic neural networks. The main objective of this work is to study the game strategy emergence by using subsymbolic approach neural networks. From the viewpoint of artificial intelligence, games in gen...

Abstract Within the last decade, application of “artificial intelligence” and “machine learning” has become popular across multiple disciplines, especially in information systems. The two terms are still used inconsistently academia industry—sometimes as synonyms, sometimes with different meanings. With this work, we try to clarify relationship between these concepts. We review relevant literat...

(1) Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare on all levels. While AI shows immense potential, the clinical implementation lagging. We present a concise review of in surgical learning; (2) Methods: A non-systematic learning literature English provided; (3) Results: utility for components competence within learning. presents with great potential robotic surgery specific...