This paper investigates the effect of direction in phrase-based statistial machine translation decoding. We compare a typical phrase-based machine translation decoder using a left-to-right decoding strategy to a right-to-left decoder. We also investigate the effectiveness of a bidirectional decoding strategy that integrates both mono-directional approaches, with the aim of reducing the effects ...

in this paper, we apply the biswas’ idea of anti fuzzy subgroups toideals of near-rings. we introduce the notion of anti fuzzy ideals of near-rings,and investigate some related properties.

The fragment Mainz 857 (verso) of the Berlin Turfan Collection contains a parallel to text F miscellaneous manuscript U 5335 (edited Berliner Turfantexte 34). vertical lines (columns), which comprise an Old Uyghur translation beginning prologue Abhidharmāvatāra (T. 1554: 入阿毘達磨論 ru apidamo lun), are arranged in such way that they proceed from right left, contrary usual left-right direction.

Left-to-right (LR) decoding (Watanabe et al., 2006) is promising decoding algorithm for hierarchical phrase-based translation (Hiero) that visits input spans in arbitrary order producing the output translation in left to right order. This leads to far fewer language model calls, but while LR decoding is more efficient than CKY decoding, it is unable to capture some hierarchical phrase alignment...

background: one of the important etiologies for cryptogenic stroke is paradoxical embolization secondary to patent foramen ovale (pfo). foramen ovale can secondarily reopen due to pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) which is common among the older age. pah is known as a frequent and life threatening complication of copd. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pfo between cop...

the concept of right (left) quotient (or residual) of an ideal η by anideal ν of an l-subring μ of a ring r is introduced. the right (left) quotients areshown to be ideals of μ . it is proved that the right quotient [η :r ν ] of an idealη by an ideal ν of an l-subring μ is the largest ideal of μ such that[η :r ν ]ν ⊆ η . most of the results pertaining to the notion of quotients(or residual) of ...

Fig. 3 Top: Head translation (left) and rotation (center) for the experiment with EPI based motion correction. Corresponding image reconstruction (right) shows successful slice tracking using the proposed method. Bottom: Head translation (left) and rotation (center) in the uncorrected case. The corresponding image reconstructions (right) show three different slices due to unaccounted head motio...

In this paper we introduce R-right (left), L-left (right) cancellative and weakly R(L)-cancellative semigroups and will give some equivalent conditions for completely simple semigroups, (completely) regular right (left) cancellative semigroups, right (left) groups, rectangular groups, rectangular bands, groups and right (left) zero semigroups according to R-right (left), L-left (right) and weak...

This paper describes a decoding algorithm for statistical machine translation based on phrases. In the past, the solution to the decoding problem were inspired from that of speech recognizers, translating each input word into one or more output words generating in left-to-right direction. The algorithm presented here iteratively constructs phrases or chunks of cepts until all the input words ar...

Current machine translation systems require human revision to produce high-quality translations. This is achieved through a post-editing process or by means of an interactive human–computer collaboration. Most protocols belonging to the last scenario follow a left-to-right strategy, where the prefix of the translation is iteratively increased by successive validations and corrections made by th...