BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Temporal bone CT is performed frequently in clinical practice. At the same time, the eye lens are exposed to ionizing radiation without any useful diagnostic information delivered. Our aim was to investigate the radiation dose to the lens of the eye by using temporal bone CT scanning with different protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Direct axial and coronal CT by using a ...

PURPOSE This technical note quantifies the dose and image quality performance of a clinically available organ-dose-based tube current modulation (ODM) technique, using experimental and simulation phantom studies. The investigated ODM implementation reduces the tube current for the anterior source positions, without increasing current for posterior positions, although such an approach was also e...

Introduction: Dental panoramic radiography (DPR) is one of the most frequent diagnostic X-ray procedures, the application of which is currently on a growing trend. During DPR, several radiosensitive tissues, such as the lens of the eyes, parotid gland, and thyroid gland, contribute to the radiation field, and it is necessary to monitor their received dose. The aim of t...

Aims. To compare the effective and eye lens radiation dose in helical MDCT brain examinations using automatic tube current modulation in conjunction with either standard filtered back projection (FBP) technique or iterative reconstruction in image space (IRIS). Methods. Of 400 adult brain MDCT examinations, 200 were performed using FBP and 200 using IRIS with the following parameters: tube volt...

Aims. To compare the effective and eye lens radiation dose in helical MDCT brain examinations using automatic tube current modulation in conjunction with either standard filtered back projection (FBP) technique or iterative reconstruction in image space (IRIS). Methods. Of 400 adult brain MDCT examinations, 200 were performed using FBP and 200 using IRIS with the following parameters: tube volt...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To our knowledge, there has been no study that compares the radiation dose delivered to the eye lens by 16- and 64-section multidetector CT (MDCT) for standard clinical neuroimaging protocols. Our aim was to assess radiation-dose differences between 16- and 64-section MDCT from the same manufacturer, by using near-identical neuroimaging protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of common radiation-shielding strategies, used alone and in combination, on scattered dose to the fluoroscopy operator's eye. MATERIALS AND METHODS With an operator phantom positioned at the groin, upper abdomen, and neck, posteroanterior low-dose fluoroscopy was performed at the phantom patient's upper abdomen. Operator lens radiation dose rate was recorded wit...

PURPOSE To compare the dose and image quality of three methods for reducing the radiation dose to the eye at head computed tomography (CT): bismuth shielding, organ-based tube current modulation (TCM), and global reduction of the tube current. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anthropomorphic head phantom was scanned under six conditions: (a) without any dose reduction techniques (reference scanning);...

aflatoxins are toxins which are usually produced by a kind of aspergillus fungus named flavus, parasiticus, and numius. there are 18 kinds of aflatoxins have been discovered by scientists and aflatoxin b1 is the most toxic and carcinogenic. taking aflatoxins present in food causes lots of diseases like liver diseases, alcoholic liver, mutagenesis, and malformation in animals. it also has some o...