The HIV/AIDS pandemic and its impact on women prompt the investigation of prevention strategies to interrupt sexual transmission of HIV. Long-acting drug delivery systems that simultaneously protect womenfrom sexual transmission of HIV and unwanted pregnancy could be important tools in combating the pandemic. We describe the design, in silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a dual-reservoir...

OBJECTIVE To compare discontinuation rates of the levonorgestrel and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) among women with human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS A double-masked randomized trial was conducted at Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Women received either a copper or levonorgestrel IUD. The primary outcome was discontinuation of intrauterine contraception within 1 year of placement. The secon...

INTRODUCTION Complications of copper load intrauterine devices, including ectopic pregnancies are well reported. Rates of ectopic pregnancy are 0.6 to 1.1% per year. However, the levonorgestrel intrauterine device has been described as more protective against ectopic pregnancies due to the addition of the hormone levonorgestrel. The hormone released from the intrauterine device causes some syst...

OBJECTIVE The effect of exogenous hormones on the incidence of breast cancer has been extensively studied. Most studies regarding hormonal contraception have focused on combined oral contraceptives, and there is paucity of literature regarding nonoral and progestin-only contraceptives. The present study analyzed the relationship between breast cancer and use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intr...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel in minors in France, and analyze whether it is worthwhile to provide ulipristal acetate to minors free of charge. METHODS The cost-effectiveness of two emergency contraceptive methods was compared based on a decision-analytical model. Pregnancy rates, outcomes of unintended pregnancies, and resource utilizat...

Gynaecology Forum Vol. 16, No. 1, 2011 © 2011 Medical Forum International 24 3. Sääv I, Aronsson A, Marions L, et al. Cervical priming with sublingual misoprostol prior to insertion of an intrauterine device in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2007; 22: 2647–52. 4. Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M, Jakobsson T, et al. Clinical performance of a levonorgestrel-releasing intraute...

CONTEXT Previous studies have reported that users of the "third-generation" oral contraceptives (OCs) containing the progestins gestodene and desogestrel have about twice the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to users of older OCs containing levonorgestrel. Estimates of the risk for VTE among users of norgestimate-containing OCs compared to other OCs, however, are lacking. OBJECT...

Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) techniques for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of levonorgestrel were evaluated. In consideration of difference in ionization mechanism, the two ionization sources were compared in terms of LC conditions, MS parameters and performance of method. The sensitivity for detection...

BACKGROUND We aimed to compare acceptability of Levonorgestrel with the Yuzpe regimen among Iranian women based on their side-effects and resulting changes in the amount and pattern of menses. METHODS Five hundred twenty nine participants aged 15-49 having regular menses and one act of unprotected intercourse within 72 h were included in the double-blind, controlled trial in 2006-2007 and ran...

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia is important clinically, because it can lead to abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) which itself can precede to endometrial cancer. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract, occurring about 75-85% in younger, perimenopousal women as hyperplasic endometrial. The treatment is hysterectomy or hormone therapy with progesterone. ...