We investigate the semantic relationship between a noun and its adjectival modifiers. We introduce a class of probabilistic models that enable us to to simultaneously capture both the semantic similarity of nouns and modifiers, and adjective-noun selectional preference. Through a combination of novel and existing evaluations we test the degree to which adjective-noun relationships can be catego...

The field of English as a foreign language (EFL) strives to promote students' proficiency by equipping them with proper grammatical and lexical skills. However, EFL textbooks often neglect the teaching pragmatics which can lead cross-cultural communication failures for learners. learners struggle traditional approaches that prioritize development over pragmatic This paper aims address this gap ...

The study compares how native speakers of German from the area Innsbruck (Austria) and Italian Rome (Italy) perceive communicative act backing out an invitation for dinner at last minute, in a situation low social distance. purpose is twofold: to shed light on orientation Austrian languages/cultures terms linguistic politeness, expand empirical cross-cultural research less-commonly investigated...

Planning-based approaches to reference provide a uniform treatment of linguistic decisions, from content selection to lexical choice. In this paper, we show how the issues of lexical ambiguity, vagueness, unspecific descriptions, ellipsis, and the interaction of subsective modifiers can be expressed using a belief-state planner modified to support context-dependent actions. Because the number o...

This study focuses on the prosodic patterns of noun phrases (NP) in English, Mandarin and L2 English so as to find out the prosodic similarities and differences between English and Mandarin as well as the effects of the prosody of L1 Mandarin on the acquisition of L2 English NP prosody. The results reveal that English NPs usually have one IP for the NPs with pre-modifiers and two IPs for those ...

There are many lexical studies on euphemisms and general studies, there is currently a lack of research in context. relevant articles based for chronological studies. This article examines English through comparisons focuses the influence different cultures generations euphemisms. The explains fundamental logic change development culture Western countries emphasizes personality development, whi...

This article extends the validity of politeness theory ( P. Brown & S. Levinson, 1987 ) by investigating the nonlinguistic aspects of politeness in 2 cultures. Politeness strategies expressed through different channels of communication (silent video, speech, full-channel video and audio, and transcripts of speech ) were examined, and it was found that politeness strategies were communicated non...

Directive speech acts and ritualized politeness in medieval Spanish The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between directive Spanish. analysis, which eminently descriptive, based on fictional literature from the13th 14th centuries, although there are also examples taken historical corpora. focus first falls pragmatic space with regards their formal properties, contextual cues int...

Politeness issues in virtual commercial contexts received rare attention from both practitioners and researchers. This work developed an instrument for gauging degree of politeness in online retailers’ storefronts. The instrument’s reliability and validity were confirmed through empirical data analysis. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis revealed that online consumers' tendency in payi...