BACKGROUND Dairy goats are commonly housed at a space allowance of 0.7-0.8 m²/goat in commercial Norwegian goat herds, which is very low compared to regulations and recommendations in other European countries. One easy and cheap way to increase space allowance is to allow the animals' access to outdoor area. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of access to an outside enclosure a...

In complex electromagnetic (EM) environment, EM field distribution inside a metallic enclosure is determined by the external EM radiation and emissions from internal contents. In the design of an electronic system, we usually need to estimate the EM field level in a concerned region inside the enclosure under various EM environments. In this paper, we use artificial neural network (ANN), rather...

Consider linear systems involving affine-linear dependencies on interval parameters. Presented is a free C-XSC software implementing a generalized parametric fixed-point iteration method for verified enclosure of the parametric solution set. Some specific features of the corresponding algorithm concerning sharp enclosure of the contracting matrix and inner approximation of the solution enclosur...

In this paper, circuital and numerical models of metal enclosure with apertures are considered for the purpose of accurate shielding effectiveness calculation. An improved circuital model is presented to account for the presence of receiving dipole antenna which is often used in practice to measure the level of electromagnetic field at selected points inside the enclosure. Receiving antenna of ...

A method for enclosing solutions of overdetermined systems of linear interval equations is described. Several aspects of the problem (algorithm, enclosure improvement, optimal enclosure) are studied.

This article introduces a methodology for designing the geometry of diffuse-walled radiant enclosures through nonlinear programming. In this application, the enclosure is represented parametrically using B-spline curves, while the radiosity distribution is solved by infinitesimal-area analysis. The enclosure geometry is repeatedly adjusted with a gradientbased minimization algorithm until a nea...

One of the main problems of interval computations is, given a function f(x 1 problem is feasible for linear functions f, but for generic polynomials, it is known to be computationally intractable. Because of that, traditional interval techniques usually compute the enclosure of y, i.e., an interval that contains y. The closer this enclosure to y, the better. It is desirable to describe cases in...

The voltage on a single-turn loop inside an enclosure characterizes the enclosure shielding effectiveness against a lightning insult. In this paper, the maximum induced voltage on a single-turn loop inside an enclosure from lightning coupling to a metal enclosure wall is expressed in terms of two multiplicative factors: (A) the normalized enclosure wall peak penetration ratio (i.e., ratio of th...