In this Letter, direct experimental evidence is provided for understanding the thermal stability with respect to crystallization in the Zr(41.2)Ti(13.8)Cu(12.5)Ni(10)Be(22.5) glass-forming liquid. Through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the atomic-structure evolution in the glass-forming liquid during the isothermal annealing process is clearly revealed. In contrast with the e...

In the present study, we show that recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta), which has no effect on the proliferation of human progenitor cells, has synergistic effects on the expansion of human progenitor cells induced by rhIL-3 in liquid cultures. The synergistic effects of rhIL-1 beta with rhIL-3 were observed in liquid cultures using not only fresh bone marrow mononuclear cells, b...

In recent years, hydroforming process has been applied in different industries such as aerospace, automotive and military industries due to its advantages, such as high dimensional accuracy, capability of forming complicated parts and high drawing ratio. Hydrodynamic deep drawing with radial pressure is one type of hydroforming process. In this paper, forming of cylindrical cups in hydrodynamic...

Superplastic forming (SPF) is introduced in this article as a net-shape processing method for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), commercially known as Liquidmetal® alloys. This method decouples fast cooling and forming of the BMG. Forming takes place in the supercooled liquid region, where the BMG exists as a highly viscous liquid and increases its fl uidity with increasing temperature. The SPF meth...

Surface transfer and bubble transfer both contribute significantly to oxygen transfer in a diffused aeration system. In the present study, liquid-film-forming apparatus is successfully developed on a laboratory scale to improve considerably the surface transfer via the unique liquid film transfer technique. The experimental results show that the volumetric mass transfer coefficient for liquid-f...

In cooperative molecular dynamics, the molecules of glass-forming liquids are partitioned to sub-molecular units named “beads”. The beads have been empirically defined. Recently, a method for measuring has suggested. this difference between entropy liquid and crystal, known as excess entropy, used. Here, it is found that all other thermodynamic quantities functions number in molecules, their ca...