The current credit crunch and volatility in the financial markets is primarily blamed on two circumstances: some consumers’ misuse of mortgage credit and some mortgage lenders’ making credit available to borrowers who could hardly satisfy their credit obligations. This is an ideal time to reexamine the long-run experience concerning consumer’s use of both mortgage credit and non mortgage consum...

By increasing funding stability, deposit market power reduces banks’ risk over the cycle and provides flexibility to originate long-term loans. Banks with HHI one standard deviation above average extend loans about 20% longer maturity than those below average. Deposit also allows banks charge lower premiums. The effects persist in sample of zero-duration, floating rate This has real effects: ac...

The role of banking and finance in the Golden Age of European growth (1950-1973) is very little known and widely underestimated. This paper studies the French system of economic planning and investment-based strategy that enhanced medium and long-term financing (called “investment credit” at that time). First, I describe the new institutions that were built after WWII to organize credit allocat...

background: this study aims to investigate the patterns of bioaccumulation and depuration of copper in the selected kidney and liver of capoeta fusca. methods: the fish were collected between september and november 2010 from a qanat in birjand. they were exposed to two types treatments with copper (0.25 and 0.75 mg/l) for a period of 41 days. the fish under study were exposed to the above-menti...

objective: successful bonding of a dental implant to bone, which was referred to as osseointegration by branemark has been well documented. however, long-term prognosis of an implant depends on adequate maintenance and long-term care. an effective maintenance program is required to preserve the health of peri-implant tissues. several techniques have been suggested for this purpose but it is not...

This paper explores the transmission of credit conditions into the real economy. Specifically, I examine the forecasting power of the term structure of credit spreads for future GDP growth. I find that the whole term structure of credit spreads has predictive power, even though the term structure of Treasury yields has none. Using a parsimonious macro-finance term structure model that captures ...

This paper focuses on national support for export and examines whether, following the OECD arrangement, long-term financial sustainability is assured without sustained fiscal help. Rules permitted state in this area are stated by Consensus, which meant to guarantee a level playing field all exporters, encourage competition among exporters based quality prices of goods, at same time, not distort...

An analysis of the Japanese credit market in 2004 between banks and quoted firms is done in this paper using the tools of the networks theory. It can be pointed out that: (i) a backbone of the credit channel emerges, where some links play a crucial role; (ii) big banks privilege long-term contracts; the “minimal spanning trees” (iii) disclose a highly hierarchical backbone, where the central po...

Credit booms often cause economic expansions. But some credit booms end in financial crises yet others do not. To find out why, this paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model of production economies with adverse selection in the financial market. Entrepreneurs can take on short-term collateralized debt and trade long-term assets to finance investment. Funding liquidity can erode market...