the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. in order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, injection rate, number of nozzle hole...

Recent regulations have required reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from electric utility boilers. To comply with these regulatory requirements, it is increasingly important to implement state-of-the-art NOx control technologies on coal-fired utility boilers. This paper reviews NOx control options for these boilers. It discusses the established commercial primary and secondary con...

Over the last two and a half years, Covanta Energy, working with their technology partner, Martin GmbH of Germany, has developed and commercialized a new technology for reducing NOx emissions from Energy from Waste (EfW) facilities. NOx levels below 60 ppm (7% O2) have been reliably achieved, which is a reduction of 70% below the current EPA standard and typical levels of today’s EfW facilities...

Treatment of NOx in diesel engine exhaust represents a big opportunity for the environmental application of low-temperature plasmas. In this paper NOx conversion to N2 was investigated by Plasma/Catalyst System Catalytic activity was enhanced by the assistance of plasma ,and the plasma/Catalyst system showed higher NOx conversion. It is shown that the plasma by itself cannot chemically reduce N...

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from photooxidation of α-pinene has been investigated in a photochemical reaction chamber under varied inorganic seed particle acidity levels at moderate relative humidity. The effect of particle acidity on SOA yield and chemical composition was examined under highand low-NOx conditions. The SOA yield (4.2–7.6 %) increased nearly linearly with the incre...

Existing parameterizations tend to underpredict the α-pinene aerosol mass fraction (AMF) or yield by a factor of 2–5 at low organic aerosol concentrations (<5μg m−3). A wide range of smog chamber results obtained at various conditions (low/high NOx, presence/absence of UV radiation, dry/humid conditions, and temperatures ranging from 15–40C) collected by various research teams during the last d...

The emission control of NOx in exhaust gases is one of the greatest engineering challenges to extend the practical and commercial application of diesel and lean burn engines. One solution is selective NOx reduction using hydrocarbons in an oxidizing atmosphere. We mainly focused on catalytic reactions under temperature excursion because of the resemblance to conditions prevailing in real automo...

In order to develop low-temperature (below 200 °C) and SO2-tolerant catalysts for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, a series of cheap M/bauxite (M = Mn, Ni and Cu) catalysts were prepared using bauxite as a support. Their SCR performances are much superior to typical V2O5/TiO2, the addition of M into bauxite results in significant promotion of NOx removal efficiency, especially at low...

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of one monoterpene (α-pinene) and two sesquiterpenes (longifolene and aromadendrene) is investigated in the Caltech environmental chambers. The effect of NOx on SOA formation for these biogenic hydrocarbons is evaluated by performing photooxidation experiments under varying NOx conditions. The NOx dependence of α-pinene SOA forma...