BACKGROUND In many medical studies the likelihood ratio test (LRT) has been widely applied to examine whether the random effects variance component is zero within the mixed effects models framework; whereas little work about likelihood-ratio based variance component test has been done in the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), where the response is discrete and the log-likelihood cannot be ...

Likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) for separability of a covariance structure for doubly multivariate data are widely studied in the literature. There are three types of LRT: biased tests based on an asymptotic chi-square null distribution; unbiased/unmodified tests based on an empirical null distribution; and unbiased/modified tests with a test statistic modified to follow a theoretical chi-square ...

(i) Identity verification of the user, for controlling access both to resources within the local PC workstation and to remote teleprocessing services on other machines. (ii) File encryption at the PC for secure storage. (iii) Message encryption and message authentication for secure communications. (iv) Digital signatures for proof of origin of communications and for data and software certificat...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of symptomatic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received local radiotherapy (LRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with 87 symptomatic bone lesions treated via LRT were analyzed. LRT was delivered at a median total dose of 21 Gy (range, 12 to 40 Gy) in a median of 7 fractions (range, 4 to 20 fractions). The clinical out...

We introduce LRT, a new Lagrangian-based ReachTube computation algorithm that conservatively approximates the set of reachable states of a nonlinear dynamical system. LRT makes use of the Cauchy-Green stretching factor (SF), which is derived from an overapproximation of the gradient of the solution-flows. The SF measures the discrepancy between two states propagated by the system solution from ...

Background and Objective: This study aims to use meta-analysis to evaluate whether pretransplantation local regional therapy (LRT) can improve the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who accepted liver transplantation. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science Datebases up to May 2015. Endpoints were 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years surv...

Sagas calculi have been proposed to specify distributed Long Running Transactions (LRT) and, in previous work, a subset of naive sagas has been encoded in the Signal Calculus (SC) to enable their use in service-oriented systems. Here, we promote a formal approach to the refactoring of LRT represented in SC so that distributed LRT designed in the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) can be...

Recently the paradigm that the healthy lung is sterile was challenged and it is now believed that the lungs harbor a diverse microbiota also contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Most of the research studies targeting the respiratory microbiome have focused on bacteria and their impact on lung health and lung diseases. Recently, also the mycobiome has gained attention. Lower res...

We consider likelihood ratio tests (LRT) and their modifications for homogeneity in admixture models. The admixture model is a two-component mixture model, where one component is indexed by an unknown parameter while the parameter value for the other component is known. This model is widely used in genetic linkage analysis under heterogeneity in which the kernel distribution is binomial. For su...

Three tests are proposed based on F-distribution, Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) and large sample Z-test for intraclass correlation coefficient under unequal family sizes based on a single multinormal sample. It has been found that the test based on F-distribution consistently and reliably produces results superior to those of Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) and large sample Z-test in terms of size fo...