Labelled Transition Systems (LTSs) are a fundamental semantic model in many areas of informatics, especially concurrency theory. Yet, reasoning on LTSs and relations between their states can be difficult and elusive: very simple process algebra terms can give rise to a large (possibly infinite) number of intricate transitions and interactions. To ease this kind of study, we present LTSwb, a fle...

BACKGROUND HIV is a neurotropic virus causing neuronal damage independent of opportunistic infections. A subgroup of patients suffer from long-term infection without developing significant disease symptoms requiring antiretroviral therapy (long-term survivors, LTS). We investigated the prevalence and severity of neurophysiological abnormalities in LTS. METHODS The outpatient database of the D...

To understand cyclic nucleotide dynamics in intact cells, we used the patch-cramming method with cyclic nucleotide-gated channels as real-time biosensors for cGMP. In neuroblastoma and sympathetic neurons, both muscarinic agonists and nitric oxide (NO) rapidly elevate cGMP. However, muscarinic agonists also elicit a long-term (2 hr) suppression (LTS) of subsequent cGMP responses. Muscarinic ago...

Given a labelled transition system LTS partially observed by an attacker, and a regular predicate Sec over the runs of LTS, enforcing opacity of the secret Sec in LTS means computing a supervisory controller K such that an attacker who observes a run of K/LTS cannot ascertain that the trace of this run belongs to Sec based on the knowledge of LTS and K. We lift the problem from a single labelle...

Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators that participate in inflammatory diseases and innate immune function. We sought to investigate the importance of LTs in regulating the microbicidal activity of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs. The role of LTs in enhancing AM microbicidal activity was evaluated pharmacologically and genetically using in vitro cha...

BACKGROUND The Laryngeal Tube Sonda (LTS) is a supraglottic airway which, like the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA), incorporates a drain tube. We compared the performances of LTS and PLMA during controlled ventilation anaesthesia. METHODS The devices were studied in 32 ventilated patients by randomized crossover trial. Primary outcome was airway seal pressure. Secondary outcomes included...

The recently introduced Linkage Tree Genetic Algorithm (LTGA) has shown to exhibit excellent scalability on a variety of optimization problems. LTGA employs Linkage Trees (LTs) to identify and exploit linkage information between problem variables. In this work we present two parallel implementations of LTGA that enable us to leverage the computational power of a multi-processor architecture. Th...

Granule cells excitability in the turtle olfactory bulb was analyzed using whole cell recordings in current- and voltage-clamp mode. Low-threshold spikes (LTSs) were evoked at potentials that are subthreshold for Na spikes in normal medium. The LTSs were evoked from rest, but hyperpolarization of the cell usually increased their amplitude so that they more easily boosted Na spike initiation. Th...

Labeled transition systems (lts) provide an operational semantics for many speciication languages. In order to abstract unrelevant details of lts's, many behavioural equivalences have been deened; here observation equivalence is considered. We are interested in the following problem: Given a nite lts, which is the minimal observation equivalent lts corresponding to it ? It is well known that th...

Global environmental changes are leading to an increase in localized abnormally low temperatures and increasing nitrogen (N) deposition is a phenomenon recognized worldwide. Both low temperature stress (LTS) and excess N induce oxidative stress in plants, and excess N also reduces their resistance to LTS. Mosses are primitive plants that are generally more sensitive to alterations in environmen...