A unilateral four-headed pectoralis major muscle was observed on the left side of an 83 year-old Caucasian male cadaver. The accessory tendon arises from the lateral aspect of the pectoralis major muscle, travels along with the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii and blends into the capsule of the shoulder joint. This anomaly is rare. A complete or partial absence of pectoralis major ...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of pectoralis major tears early in the acute phase is important for optimizing surgical repair and outcomes. However, physical examination of pectoralis major injuries can be misleading, often resulting in a potentially detrimental delay in surgical treatment. PURPOSE To establish and validate a quantifiable clinical diagnostic test for structurally significant pectoralis...

Hummingbird flight muscle is estimated to have among the highest mass-specific power output among vertebrates, based on aerodynamic models. However, little is known about the fundamental contractile properties of their remarkable flight muscles. We hypothesized that hummingbird pectoralis fibers generate relatively low force when activated in a tradeoff for high shortening speeds associated wit...

IntroductIon The muscle mass of the pectoral region exhibits a variety of variations in the form of anomalous slips. The pectoralis major muscle is a thick triangular muscle that usually arises from the medial half of the clavicle, the sternum, and the first six costal cartilages. These three heads, the clavicular, the sternocostal and the abdominal, combine to form a tendon that inserts into t...

Introduction: The pectoralis minor muscle originates from third to fifth ribs of the chest wall and inserts at the medial side of the coracoid process of Scapula. It contributes to the abduction of the scapulothoracic joint and downward movement of the shoulder. The anomalous insertion of pectoralis minor beyond the coracoid process is known since the 19th century. Aim of the study: To report ...

The surgical repair of an extensive anterior glenohumeral soft tissue defect is complicated by glenohumeral instability and subsequent significant functional deficit. This surgical note offers a relatively simple reconstruction of the anterior capsule and subscapularis muscle using a pectoralis minor pedicle flap. This reconstruction is supplemented with functional reconstruction of the anterio...

CASE REPORT During the routine dissection of a male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, Shri B M Patil Medical College Bijapur, India, we found a long ribbon like muscle in right pectoral region, which originated from right 5th and 6th ribs at costo-chondral junction, in between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles [Table/Fig-1]. From its origin, it travelled above and laterally ...

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mass decreases in end-stage heart failure and is predictive of clinical outcomes in several disease states. Skeletal muscle attenuation and quantity as quantified on preoperative chest computed tomographic scans may be predictive of mortality after continuous flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS A single-center continuous...