government interventions in agricultural markets in order to stabilize commodity prices and producer incomes have had a long tradition. intervention has been at both the state and country levels and has been for the most part in the form of commodity-based schemes. this study represents an attempt to develop an appropriate methodology for analyzing the aggre-gate effects of a particular type of...

Standard macro theories reflect a choice-theoretic orientation wherein aggregate variables are treated as acting directly on one another. Macro phenomena are thus reduced to the same order of simplicity as micro phenomena; macro variables differ from micro variables only by their larger size. In contrast, this paper treats the relationship between micro and macro as non-scalable. Macro phenomen...

We define the class of micro-macro stack graphs, a new class of graphs modeling infinite-state sequential systems with a decidable model-checking problem. Micro-macro stack graphs are the configuration graphs of stack automata whose states are partitioned into micro and macro states. Nodes of the graph are configurations of the stack automaton where the state is a macro state. Edges of the grap...

Orthodox macro theories reflect a choice-theoretic orientation wherein aggregate variables act directly on one another. Hence, macro phenomena are reduced to the same order of simplicity as micro phenomena. In contrast, this paper explores how macro theory might be pursued when it is recognized that macro phenomena are of a higher order of complexity than micro phenomena. Rather than reducing m...

0.279 0.490 0.029 BLEU 0.338 0.469 0.086 cap-macro approx 0.340 0.676 0.086 approx+cap-micro and BLEU 0.354 0.734 0.086 cap-micro approx 0.406 0.741 0.086 cap-micro orig 0.413 0.769 0.086 cap-micro tagger 0.413 0.769 0.086 cap-micro approx-restr 0.423 0.800 0.143 cap-macro orig 0.428 0.800 0.143 cap-macro tagger 0.608 0.800 0.400 cap-macro approx-restr Avg Max Min Overlapping Approximation Czec...

This special issue explores whether the heuristics “macro” and “micro” capture the most important levels of explanation in the anthropology of education. Recent work suggests that we must move beyond a macro–micro approach. This introduction sketches reasons for going beyond macro and micro and reviews alternative approaches to explaining cultural and educational processes. The following articl...

For many years we have been concerned with the role that autopoietic theory can play in resolving what is often termed the micro-macro problem in social science. The ̳micro-to-macro problem‘ concerns our capacity to explain the relationship between the constitutive elements of social systems (people) and emergent phenomena resulting from their interaction (i.e. organizations, societies, economie...