This paper proposes a multiaxial macroelement for bridge abutments that can be included in the global structural model of to carry out nonlinear dynamic analyses with very much smaller computational effort than achieved using continuum representations embankment and foundation soil behaviour. The proposed derives constitutive force–displacement relationship within rigorous thermodynamic framewo...

Topology optimization can be divided into continuum and discrete types, the latter being the emphasis of the present work. In the field of discrete structural topology optimization of trusses, the generation of an initial ground structure is crucial. Thus, this paper examines the generation of ground structures for generic structural domains in two and three dimensions. It compares two methods ...

various clinical signs that may result from removal of a large part of the small intestine with or without removal of part of the large intestine. SBS is common in humans and, especially, infants but is uncommon in dogs and cats because most animals that need large portions of intestine removed are euthanized. The decreased absorptive surface area of the small intestine due to extensive resecti...

The main result of this paper is the creation of an orthogonal scaling vector of four di erentiable functions, two supported on [ 1; 1] and two supported on [0; 1], that generates a space containing the classical spline space S1 3(Z) of piecewise cubic polynomials on integer knots with one derivative at each knot. The author uses a macroelement approach to the construction, using di erentiable ...

We show that a nested sequence of C macro-element spline spaces on quasi-uniform triangulations gives rise to hierarchical Riesz bases of Sobolev spaces H(Ω), 1 < s < r+ 3 2 , and H 0(Ω), 1 < s < σ+ 3 2 , s / ∈ Z+ 1 2 , as soon as there is a nested sequence of Lagrange interpolation sets with uniformly local and bounded basis functions, and, in case of H 0(Ω), the nodal interpolation operators ...

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macroelement that is required for cellular energy-dependent reactions involving adenosine triphosphate and for the regulation of calcium channel function. Subclinical hypomagnesemia is common in critically ill humans and animals and increases the severity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome; worsens the systemic response to endotoxins; and can lead to i...