results when the two ms groups were compared together, we found that cr was significantly increased (p value=0.008) and naa/cr was significantly decreased (p value=0.03) in non-enhancing lesions in ppms compared with rrms. there was no significant difference in naa, cho or naa/cho between the two ms subtypes. conclusion mrs is a potential way to differentiate ppms and rrms. objectives we compar...

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique which, by means of a spectrum, can be used to reveal the presence of certain molecules in a specific area. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy uses a strong external magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses to detect the magnetic resonance signal of nuclei which possess magnetic spin. Several biologically interesting atomic nuclei are suit...

Coherent-optical-control schemes exploit the coherence of laser pulses to change the phases of interfering dynamical pathways and manipulate dynamical processes. These active control methods are closely related to dynamical decoupling techniques, popularized in the field of quantum information. Inspired by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamical decoupling methods apply sequences of ...

1, 4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) was employed as a catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives and MWNT- pyrimidinones from condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and thiobarbituric acid and MWNT-COCl . This method delivers the advantages of a simple method, environment friendly procedure, mild reaction conditions and high returns. The m...

Great spectral simplification can be obtained by spreading the conventional one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum in two independent frequency dimensions. This so-called two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy removes spectral overlap, facilitates spectral assignment, and provides a wealth of additional information. For example, conformational information related to interproton dis...