Since the late 1990s, high mortality and declining populations have been reported among sea birds including Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) from the Baltic Sea area in Northern Europe. Repeated BoNT type C/D botulism outbreaks have occurred, but it remains unclear whether this is the sole and primary cause of mortality. Thiamine deficiency has also been suggested as a causal or contributing fa...

OBJECTIVES To demonstrate that fatigue and other disorders related to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the manifestation of an intracellular mild thiamine deficiency and not due to malabsorbtion, augmented requirements, or nutritional factors, and that this dysfunction is curable with high doses of thiamine administered orally or parenterally. DESIGN In this pilot study, we treated ...

This seminar text reviews various forms of enzyme supplementation used clinically in digestive and absorption disorders. Enzyme supplementation plays an integral role in the management of various digestive disorders, particularly with regard to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. However, application of enzymes may also be beneficial for other conditions associated with poor digestion including ...

UNLABELLED Improvement in the quality of life in Europe and North America in last decades caused that economical and social aspects of living conditions of the population have less effect and genetic defects of malabsorption of vitamin B12 became the main reason for cobalamin deficiency in children. Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome (IGS) is characterized by vitamin B12 deficiency that leads usually ...

Celiac disease (CD) is a small intestinal mucosal disease leading to malabsorbtion due to inflammatory reaction to gluten [1-4]. CD has a prevelance of approximately 1% of the population. But, it is estimated that up to 90% are undiagnosed due to subclinical presentations [5]. Also, diverse clinical manifestations can lead to delays in diagnosis [4]. Laboratory indices and biomarkers used in da...

Helminthic infections continue to be the major health hazard to the people, especially those living in tropical developing countries. Although these infections do not cause significant morbidity and mortality when compared with many other parasitic infections, they do cause substantial, but often less measurable effects. For example, infections with gastrointestinal helminths often lead to mala...

It has been said repeatedly1' 2'3 but erroneously that Vincent Ketelaer described tropical or non-tropical sprue in his book De Aphthis Nostratibus.4 The error arises because it has not been understood that the Dutch word sprouw, as Ketelaer used it, meant and meant only stomatitis. In particular, as can be seen from Ketelaer's description, it meant mainly thrush, the common monilial infection ...

disturbances in calcium metabolism and both impairment are some of the known complications observed in beta thalassemia major patients.although iron deposition has been recognized to be the main factor for organ dysfunction in these patients,the relatively low prevalence of hypoparathyroidism has led to giving more emphasis to Ca metabolism disturbance among others.availability of more patients...

Our understanding of celiac disease (CD) has increased enormously over the years and many facts have been elucidated [1,2] but still the explanation for the variations noted in age at onset of disease and disease manifestations remain unsettled. Th e marked variation between the two types of CD (childhood vs. adult CD) is intriguing as both types share a common genetic background and environmen...

Hyper Immunoglobulin M (hyper IgM) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder first reported in 1961[1], characterized by recurrent infections with low levels of serum IgA, IgG and IgE and normal to high levels of serum IgM[1]. Onset of manifestation of X-linked HIGM occurs in the 1st or 2nd year of life with recurrent pyogenic infections especially of upper and lower respiratory tract and diarrhea in...