This paper discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene. The assessment focuses on estimation of increased cancer risk to populations living near industrial sources of 1,3-butadiene emissions rather than occupationally exposed populations. Incremental cancer risk estimates based on extrapolation from laboratory animal data are presented. Pharmacokinetic...

Male infertility is becoming an important untouched area that needs immediate attention due to the increasing demand for breeding strategies, keeping in view production and per animal productivity. Many additives antioxidants have been tried enhancing seminal quality, but still there no evidence of full- proof effect on conception rates female animals. However, herbal preparations which promise...

introduction: wistar rats are an outbred strain of albino rats belonging to the species rattus norvegicus. histopathological studies on the testis was carried out to determine the effects of heat and lead on male fertility by evaluating some andrological parameters of the wistar rat such as morphology of spermatozoa, sperm count and motility. the main objective of this research was to compare t...

spiculopteragia asymmetrica is a gastrointestinal nematode frequently found in the abomasum of cervids. during december and february 2010, two red deer were died in semeskandeh sanctuary in mazandaran province. moreover, five live deer from mentioned area were treated by ivermectin and collected feces of these animals were used for assessment helminthes infection by parasitological methods. sev...

Sexual selection is thought to be a major driver of phenotypic diversity and diversification in animals, but large-scale evolutionary patterns sexually selected (SS) traits remain largely unknown. Here, we survey analyze the evolution these across animal phylogeny. We find that female mate choice appears most widespread mechanism sexual selection, male-male competition almost as frequent chorda...