During the involution of mammary glands, epithelial cells undergo apoptosis and are cleared for the next cycle of lactation. The clearance of apoptotic epithelial cells is mediated by neighboring epithelial cells and by macrophages that migrate into the mammary glands. Here, we report that milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), a secreted glycoprotein that binds to apoptotic cells by recognizi...

The incidence of male duct ectasia (periductal mastitis) is extremely rare, only eight cases having been reported. The underlying cause (as in females) is uncertain. Two cases in HIV positive males of recurrent unilateral nipple lesions are reported with histology consistent with duct ectasia. At presentation neither patient had an AIDS defining illness. An impaired immunity secondary to HIV in...

Although milky nipple discharge appears frequently in infants, bloody nipple discharge is a very rare finding. We experienced a 4-month-old, breast-fed infant who showed bilateral bloody nipple discharge with no signs of infection, engorgement, or hypertrophy. The infant's hormonal examination and coagulation tests were normal, and an ultrasound examination revealed mammary duct ectasia. The sy...

A 28 year old man had a swelling of the right breast. He was phenotypically and karyotypically a normal male. Microscopic examination of the excised specimen showed the pattern of cystic hyperplasia identical to that commonly seen in the female breast. Numerous cysts were grouped in a lobular pattern and their lining showed apocrine metaplasia. There was extensive background fibrosis, some mamm...

OBJECTIVE To review our experience with periductal mastitis and address the clinical characteristics, management and outcome. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out at Princess Basma Teaching Hosptal, Irbid, Jordan. Thirty-five patients with the diagnosis of periductal mastitis from the year 1994 through to 2000 were reviewed. Patients presenting with periareolar non-lactating inflamma...