The mandible has a property to flex inwards around the mandibular symphysis with change in shape and decrease in mandibular arch width during opening and protrusion of the mandible. The mandibular deformation may range from a few micrometres to more than 1 mm. The movement occurs because of the contraction of lateral pterygoid muscles that pulls mandibular condyles medially and causes a sagitta...

Objective: To investigate the cranial base morphology in skeletal Class I, II, III patients and to find any correlation. Materials and methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 75 patients were taken, 25 patients each belonged to Class I, II and III skeletal malocclusion respectively, between age group of 14 and 25 years. Results: The significantly more acute angle N-S-Ar reflected increase...

The purpose of the study was to describe the craniofacial characteristics of 6-year-old Icelandic children, make a normative standard for children with an Angle Class I molar relationship, and compare them to those with an Angle Class II molar relationship. The material consisted of the radiographs of 363 children, 184 (50.7 per cent) boys and 179 (49.3 per cent) girls with a mean age of 6 year...

the aim of this study was to present and review retromandibular anteroparotid approach and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in reduction and fixation of subcondylar fractures. materials and methods : in the period between january 2013 to february 2014, 10 patients with the age range of 17 to 41 years with a diagnosis of subcondylar fracture at sina general hospital, iran, underwent open trea...

This Note presents a new asymmetric flexure design, the double parallelogram-tilted-beam double parallelogram (DP-TDP) flexure, that enables two times higher stroke in electrostatic comb-drive actuators, compared to the traditional symmetrically paired double parallelogram (DP-DP) flexure, while maintaining the same device footprint. Because of its unique kinematic configuration, the DP-TDP fle...

As a kind of important flexible joint, two-axis flexure hinges can realize in-plane and out-of-plane motions and can be used for constructing flexure-based spatial compliant mechanisms. The paper introduces a common two-axis elliptical-arc-filleted flexure hinge that is generated by two different elliptical-arc-filleted cutout profiles and that provides some new hinge types. The analytical comp...