Endoscopic surgery, while offering considerable gains for the patient, has created new difficulties for the surgeon. One problem is the fulcrum effect, which causes the movement of a surgical instrument, as seen on the monitor, to be in the opposite direction to the movement of the surgeon’s hand. The problem has been shown to impede the acquisition of endoscopic skills. Teleoperated robotic ar...

Crowd simulation realism has progressed a great deal in the past decade; however, much of this progress only deals with the movement of individuals rather than group movement. We propose group agent-based steering as an alternative to assigning a member of the group as the leader for which other members must follow. Our new scheme keeps pedestrians moving around essentially shoulder to shoulder...

An optimal fusion algorithm for tracking maneuvering target based on centralized structure of multisensor is proposed. This algorithm is implemented with two filters and fuzzy logic using state fusion, together with the current statistic model and adaptive filtering. Firstly, the optimal weighting coefficients are obtained using the stochastic approximation theory, a suitable method of estimati...

Locomotion through structurally complex environments is fundamental to the life history of most flying animals, and the costs associated with movement through clutter have important consequences for the ecology and evolution of volant taxa. However, few studies have directly investigated how flying animals navigate through cluttered environments, or examined which aspects of flight performance ...

Maneuvering target tracking is a target motion estimation problem, which can describe the irregular target maneuvering motion. It has been widely used in the field of military and civilian applications. In the maneuvering target tracking, the performance of Kalman filter (KF) and its improved algorithms depend on the accuracy of process noise statistical properties. If there exists deviation be...

A new interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm using intelligent input estimation (IIE) is proposed for maneuvering target tracking. In the proposed method, the acceleration level for each sub-model is determined by IIE-the estimation of the unknown target acceleration by a fuzzy system using the relation between the residuals of the maneuvering filter and the non-maneuvering filter. The gene...

This paper discusses the maneuvering control algorithm based on all-wheel independent driving and steering control techniques for special purpose 6WD/WS vehicles. The maneuvering control algorithms considering superior dynamic characteristics of high power in-wheel motors and independent steering system are designed to perform driving and steering control, vehicle stability control, and fault t...

Traffic flows are subject to certain delays due the maneuvering of buses entering and leaving stop. The study how these change depending on frequency arrival a stop and, lanes road, intensity traffic flow road is important in organizing planning movement along route. article uses simulation models built PTV VISSIM program estimate delay time 2, 3, 4 lane roads for different values 5 bus at resu...