Prior to 1969, marathon runners were advised against drinking or eating during competition (1) since it was believed that, especially fluid ingestion would impair performance, not least by causing unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms including the “stitch”. At that time, marathon runners and marathon races were quite different from their modern descendants. In particular, there were few competi...

Today an optimization of workout units and the competitions is more important than ever. That applies especially for amateur athletes, who practice beside their normal work. An optimization with the modern lactate analysis is too expensive and not practical for this group of athletes. In this paper we will present a model based alternative, called PerPot. By means of simulation, workout units a...

This study investigated the impact of a 16-hour marathon session on levels of self-actualization and attitudes toward women both 1 day and 5 weeks after the group experience. Female undergraduates were assigned randomly to one of two marathon groups or to a no-treatment control group. Ss in both marathon groups experienced a significant shift toward increased independence or self-supportedness ...

Marathon is a sport that tests people's perseverance very much. In the running, people should not only master rhythm but also have sustained physical support. Many regions hold marathon races yearly, and many participate in them. If you can't run whole race due to fitness, organizer will mini-marathon. A mini-marathon small with different distances lengths locations than standard marathon. It k...

We tested the idea that real-world situations, such as the highly strenuous exercise involved in marathon running, that impose extreme physical demands on an individual may result in neurohormonal changes that alter the functioning of memory. Marathon runners were given implicit and explicit memory tasks before or immediately after they completed a marathon. Runners tested immediately upon comp...

The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to describe variability of pacing during a marathon and 2) to determine if there is a relationship between variability of pacing and marathon performance. Publically available personal global positioning system profiles from two marathons (Race 1 n = 116, Race 2 n = 169) were downloaded (http://connect.garmin.com) for analysis. The coefficient of variat...

PURPOSE We intended to determine predictor variables of anthropometry and training for marathon race time in recreational female runners in order to predict marathon race time for future novice female runners. METHODS Anthropometric characteristics such as body mass, body height, body mass index, circumferences of limbs, thicknesses of skin-folds and body fat as well as training variables suc...

For over 100 yr, athletes, coaches, and scientists have endeavored to improve running performance. For example, former Olympian and academic physician, Sir Roger Bannister, broke the 4-min barrier in the mile, while at the same time publishing a series of experiments in the Journal of Physiology (2–5) investigating the limits to athletic performance. Bannister would later write (1) that “Athlet...