Objectives: 1) to determine the elasticity of normal breast tissue (parenchyma and premammary adipose tissue) in healthy women using ultrasound two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE); 2) reveal a possible correlation between increased stiffness parenchyma hyperprolactinemia patients with mastodynia mastopathy; 3) evaluate ability Vitex agnus-castus drug reduce glandular tissue; 4) obj...

BACKGROUND Gynecomastia is treated when it is painful, there are psychosocial repercussions or it does not revert in less than two years. It is treated with the antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen, but there are doubts about its effectiveness in high volume gynecomastias or in those lasting more than two years. AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of tamoxifen for gynecomastia and the influen...

BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon histologic form of breast cancer, comprising in most series less than 1% of all mammary cancers. Due to the rarity, little information about its presentation on image studies has been noted in the literature. Here we report two additional cases with emphasis on the intriguing image presentations. CASE ONE A 67-year-old woman cam...

INTRODUCTION Gynecomastia and/or mastodynia is a common medical problem in patients receiving antiandrogen (bicalutamide or flutamide) treatment for prostate cancer; up to 70% of these patients result to be affected; furthermore, this can jeopardise patients' quality of life. AIMS To systematically review the quality of evidence of the current literature regarding treatment options for bicalu...

who had sustained fat embolism. For the purposes of the present investigation three blood samples were taken from an arm vein in each patient; the first after the induction of anaesthesia but before insertion of the pertrochanteric needle; the second five minutes after the first injection of contrast material; and the third 20 minutes later. The blood was allowed to clot and the plasma then exa...

The relationship between inappropriate breast support and upper-extremity kinematics for female runners is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of breast support and breast pain on upper-extremity kinematics during running. Eleven female recreational runners with larger breasts (UK D and E cup) completed a 7 min 20 s treadmill run (2.58 m · s(-1)) in a high and low b...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To document the premenstrual and menstrual symptoms of Muslim women, with a view to providing adequate and sensitive care. METHODS Two hundred Muslim women were interviewed at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and Muslim Specialist Hospital, both in Zaria between August and October 2003. RESULTS Premenstrual symptoms were present in 23.8% of the women and breast...