this study sought to investigate the impact of teaching speech acts and role relations through authentic audio-taped and video-taped materials on the level of iranian efl learners’ pragmatic competence. to this end, 55 intermediate learners were ed and randomly assigned to two experimental groups: the audio-taped group and the video-taped group. during the treatment, the audio-taped group recei...

▶ The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine is the official journal of the European Society for Biomaterials (ESB) ▶ Covers the science and technology of biomaterials and their applications as medical or dental implants, prostheses and devices ▶ Spans a wide range of topics from basic science to clinical applications ▶ Examines the metals, ceramics, polymers and composites used in...

This study attempted to evaluate and compare language learning apps and the related traditional books on the same subject. The apps included Murphy’s English Grammar and Cambridge Discovery Readers and the traditional materials were English Grammar in Use and Developing Reading Skills. The study, thus, aimed to do a comparative analysis between traditional ELT materials and the digital versions...

— Modern engineered materials, components and systems depend on raw materials whose properties provide essential functionality to these technologies. Some of these raw materials are subject to supply-chain risks, and such materials are known as critical materials. This paper reviews corporate, national and world perspectives on material criticality. It then narrows its focus to studies that ass...