The present study investigates whether an adolescent’s confidence in their knowledge correlates to the frequency of filler words speech. High school participants (N=31) were presented with two mazes, Maze A evoke more and obstacle-ridden B less confidence. Participants submitted Likert Scales regarding completing each maze, then completed mazes. They recorded while discussing maze. Finally, spe...

A single 5 min exposure to the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety renders animals insensitive to the anxiolytic effects of the benzodiazepines in this test. The purpose of the present experiments was to explore whether this phenomenon resulted from a change in the functional state of benzodiazepine receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The benzodiazepine receptor agonist midazolam (0.5, 1, and...

The present study evaluated the correlation between the behavior of mice in the forced swimming test (FST) and in the elevated plus-maze (PM). The effect of the order of the experiments, i.e., the influence of the first test (FST or PM) on mouse behavior in the second test (PM or FST, respectively) was compared to handled animals (HAND). The execution of FST one week before the plus-maze (FST-P...

The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression has been widely used as an experimental tool to investigate human psychopathology. Our objective was to provide an update on the validity and reliability of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model, by analyzing the interrelationships among the indexes using stepwise discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine...

Abstract: Aim: Lead is a powerful metal which induced neurotoxicity through the degradation of neurons in body. Various neuronal changes have shown correlation with generation free radicals and oxidative stress. The present study was carried out to evaluate neuroprotective activity Natrium diethyl dithiocarbamate trihydrate (NDDCT) on lead neurodegeneration rat’s model. Methods: We evaluated ND...

BC1 RNA is a small non-messenger RNA common in dendritic microdomains of neurons in rodents. In order to investigate its possible role in learning and behaviour, we compared controls and knockout mice from three independent founder lines established from separate embryonic stem cells. Mutant mice were healthy with normal brain morphology and appeared to have no neurological deficits. A series o...

abstract background and objective: according to the importance of learning and memory in the human life and also unavoidable neural degeneration due to aging, finding new compounds (drugs) against this process is valuable. however, there are many recommendations for herbal medicine and constituents which encouraged us to examine a candidate plant zingiber officinalis for the mentioned purpose. ...