Trace minerals have long been identified as essential components in the diets of domestic livestock species. Chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc are included in the category of essential trace minerals (or microminerals). Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the animal body in a variety of chemical combinations, and in characteristic...

Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the animal body in a variety of chemical combinations, and in characteristic concentrations, depending on the trace mineral consumed and the tissue in which the trace mineral is metabolized (McDowell, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Concentrations of trace minerals must be maintained within narrow limits in a cell (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood ...

In this paper I put forth three criticisms against McDowell account of the idea that moral requirements are categorical imperatives. I argue that McDowell’s account fails as a defense of Kant’s doctrine for at least three reasons. First, McDowell claims that agents can appeal to experience in order to formulate and recognize categorical imperatives. However, Kant strongly disagrees with this cl...

The traditional interpretation of Frege has him endorsing propositions that are not object dependent, i.e., propositions that can exist even though the proper names that occur in the sentences that express them do not refer. But John McDowell and Gareth Evans have challenged this with an influential interpretation of Frege. McDowell first introduced a Fregean reading that included object depend...

BACKGROUND McDowell CHOICES (Coordinated Health Opportunities Involving Communities, Environments, and Schools) Project is a county wide endeavor aimed at increasing opportunities for physical activity (PA) in McDowell County, West Virginia (WV). A comprehensive needs-assessment laid the foundation of the project. METHODS During the 6 month needs assessment, multiple sources of data were coll...