AIMS To examine the expression of HLA-DR and beta 2 microglobulin in medullary carcinoma and atypical medullary carcinoma of the breast to determine if the effective presentation of tumour antigens to the immune system can differentiate between these two histopathologically similar entities. METHODS Expression of HLA-DR and beta 2 microglobulin was examined by immunohistochemical methods in f...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an infrequent calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that initiates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are collaterally responsible for medullary thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review article, we shed light on all the genetic and epigenetic hallmarks of MTC. From the genetic perspective, RET, ...

  Radioiodine (1-131) is the treatment of choice in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. External radiotlierapy however, has it's own roie in these tumors. Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 1ms not acliieved any notahle success yet, though combined - modality regimens of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have sometimes shown significant results. In this paper the rol...

Medullary carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the kidney. It affects individuals of African descent and all cases reported show evidence of sickle cell trait. We reviewed an unusual carcinoma arising in a white man, the ninth in the literature. The tumor demonstrated features associated with renal medullary carcinoma, or unclassified renal cell carcinoma, medullary phenotype as recently desc...

radioiodine (1-131) is the treatment of choice in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. external radiotlierapy however, has it's own roie in these tumors. treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 1ms not acliieved any notahle success yet, though combined - modality regimens of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have sometimes shown significant results. in this paper the role of radiotlierapy and chemot...

Mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the thyroid. It is characterized by histological and immunohistochemical features of both follicular and parafollicular C cells. We report two female patients, aged 26 and 78 years, with mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma. Histologically, the tumors are composed of follicular carcinoma areas and solid nests of polygonal cells consis...

Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid peptides are critical pathological events in numerous protein misfolding diseases (PMDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type II diabetes (T2D), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)....

Medullary thyroid carcinoma can arise as a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome which includes adrenal pheochromocytoma. Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma with no association of other components of MEN syndrome is also reported. Epinephrine and norepinephrine excreted in 24 hour urine and/or randomly voided urine were measured for screening of pheochromocytoma in patients...

Among the four different types of thyroid cancer, treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma poses a major challenge because of its propensity of early metastasis. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of medullary thyroid carcinoma and discover candidates for targeted therapies, we developed a new mouse model of medullary thyroid carcinoma based on our CGRPCreER mouse line. This system...