Much of our knowledge about the fitness effects of new mutations has been gained from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. Yet the fitness effect of single mutations is rarely measured in MA experiments. This raises several issues, notably for inferring epistasis for fitness. The acceleration of fitness decline in MA lines has been taken as evidence for synergistic epistasis, but establishin...

The terrorist threat to the United States of America comes from a violent Islamist revivalist social movement, united by a utopian vision of justice and fairness. Our efforts to deal with this threat are hampered by the wide variety of commonly held beliefs about terrorism. Conventional wisdom offers up several explanations: terrorists are a product of poverty and broken families; ignorance; th...

To enable cooperative problem solving by people and computers it is necessary to share the transition of objects, because objects at a given time are the accumulation of their transitions. With this perspective, we defined semantic structure as the organization of problem-solving systems. Semantic structure transition with elapsed time reflects how and what knowledge is used to solve a problem....

Mental health disparities refer to the disproportionate amount of psychopathology found among persons of disadvantageous social standing, such as persons of low socioeconomic status (SES). Although social and self selection cannot entirely be ruled out as explanations for these differences, the accumulation of evidence supports a social causation interpretation for a large portion of this assoc...

A large number of studies have demonstrated that a linguistic unit with higher frequency and contextual predictability are realized reduced speech signals. This effect is known in previous literature as probabilistic reduction. few also demonstrate these effects may be memorized; is, average influence phonetic redundancy study aims to investigate the extent which reduction extend morpheme durat...

one  of  the  fundamental needs  for  the  human  is  to  have  a  workplace in  which  they  can  do  their  workappropriately. worldwide energy crisis necessitated the construction of official buildings with smaller space and less air ventilation. this led to the reduction in air conditioning, accumulation of the contaminants in indoor, increased exposure, health threat concerning the staff i...

The widespread use of relaxation technique amongst medicine community and sustained work environments makes a more complete understanding of its physiological effects. This research proposes a systematic evaluation for relaxation circumstances, which consists of subjective evidence and objective evidence. Innovative feature of this evaluation system is adding bio-neurological signals to support...