Macrophages present exogenous Ag either via MHC class I or MHC class II molecules. We investigated whether the mode of hemagglutinin (HA) uptake influences the class of MHC molecule by which this Ag is presented. Normally, HA is ingested by receptor-mediated endocytosis, but this may be switched to macropinocytosis and pinocytosis by adding phorbol esters to the cells. This switch resulted in a...

Nascent MHC class II molecules are associated with the invariant chain and are transported to the endolysosomal pathway, where MHC class II molecules acquire peptide antigens. On the other hand, misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins are generally degraded in the cells and are neither expressed on the cell surface nor secreted. Here, we found that MHC class II molecules associate with so...

Abstract MHC class I (MHC‐I) molecules undergo an intricate folding process in order to pick up antigenic peptide present the immune system. In recent years, discovery of a new editor for MHC‐I has added extra level complexity our understanding how presentation is regulated. On top this, incredible diversity leads significant variation interaction between and components antigen processing pathw...

The major function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules is the presentation of peptide antigens to helper T cells. However, when misfolded proteins are associated with MHC class II molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules without processing to peptides. Of note, misfolded proteins complexed with MHC class ...

Abstract Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have long been linked to odor signaling and recently researchers’ attention has focused on MHC structuring microbial communities how this may in turn impact odor. However, understanding mechanisms through which could affect microbiota produce a chemical signal that is both reliable strong enough ensure unambiguous transmission behavio...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. MHC Class I and II Molecules 3.1. Function of MHC Class I and Class II molecules 3.2. Structure of MHC Class I and Class II molecules 3.3. Antigen binding by MHC Class I and Class II molecules 3.4. MHC polymorphism on peptide binding 3.5. Antigen presentation by MHC Class II molecules 4. MHC and disease associations 4.1. Associations between MHC polymorphism and d...

Human cytomegalovirus encodes two glycoproteins, US2 and US11, which cause rapid degradation of MHC class I molecules, thus preventing recognition of virus-infected cells by the immune system. This degradation process involves retrograde transport or 'dislocation' of MHC class I molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol, where they are deglycosylated by an N-glycanase and deg...