introduction: in iran, invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) disease causes severe bacteremic illness among children <5 years old. the global yearly incidence of ints disease in children was reported to be in the 3.4 (range  2.1-6.5) million cases,  (overall incidence 49 cases (range 30-94) per 100,000 population), the ints case-fatality ratio (cfr) of 20% yielded 681,316  deaths annually. me...

objective(s): many cancer cells show significant resistance to drugs that kill drug sensitive cancer cells and non-tumor cells and such resistance might be a consequence of the difference in metabolism. therefore, studying the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells and comparison with drug sensitive and normal cell lines is the objective of this research. material and methods:metabolism of c...

DNA microarrays were first described in 1995 for simultaneous analysis of a large-scale gene expression patterns. Since then, they have moved to center stage in many areas of biological research and now assuming an increasingly important role in diagnostics, genomics, pharmacology, cancer and other biomedical research, among others. In this article, we discuss the scientific background and prin...

metamaterials Atilla Ozgur Cakmak, Koray Aydin, Evrim Colak, Zhaofeng Li, Filiberto Bilotti, Lucio Vegni, and Ekmel Ozbay Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey Thomas J. Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Depa...

Among biological measurements, DNA microarray gene expression and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) have been widely used. Due to the vast information of the biological data, various clustering techniques have been developed to identify subsets of genes with specific gene expression patterns and large variations across samples. Since integrated analysis of genomic data from differe...