The results of this study will be helpful in developing lipase-based microbial insecticides for the management waxy cuticle-protected insect pests.

Insecticides resistance against fourteen field populations of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Chichawatni, District Sahiwal, Pakistan to six insecticides viz., trichlorfon, malathion (Organophosphates), bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin (Pyrethorids) , methomyl (Carbamate) and spinosad (Microbial) was assessed by topical assay under laboratory conditions. In insecticides b...

In India, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables and causes severe economic losses. This pest has ability to evolve resistance in laboratory and field to almost all groups of synthetic insecticides. Despite of these, management with synthetic insecticides has been considered to be the easy and favorable option by...

A search for patterns in the success and failure of microbial insecticides in vegetable crops was conducted through review of four case studies: the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) var. tenebrionis for control of the Colorado potato beetle, the use of B.t. var. kurstaki for control of the diamondback moth, the use of various B.t.s for control of lepidopterous pests in tomatoes and celery, ...

Use of synthetic pesticides causes some unfortunate consequences such as environmental pollution, pests/ vector resistance and toxicity to other non-target organisms including human beings, biological pesticides from plant, microbial origin are environmentally safe pesticides. Microbial insecticides are especially valuable because their non-toxicity to non-target animals and human beings. Labor...

Bioassays of Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote and Robinson) larvae established baseline LC50 values and identified the potential of reduced-risk, organophosphate replacement and naturally derived insecticides (eg chloronicotinyls, spinosyns, oxadiazines, insect growth regulators, microbial insecticides and particle films) to control this pest. The toxicities of these products were compared with those...

The world practice of using agrochemicals for long periods, in an indiscriminated and abusive way, has been a concern of the authorities involved in public health and sustainability of the natural resources, as a consequence of environmental contamination. Agrochemicals refer to a broad range of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, and among them stands out atrazine, a herbicide intensively...

Resistance to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is widespread in Japan. Consequently, tertiary amines such as cartap and thiocyclam, microbial insecticides (formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) and chitin synthesis inhibitors have been widely used for control. A high level of resistance to these alternative inse...

Environmental factors can influence the effectiveness of microbial insecticides based on spores and crystal proteins of Bacilus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and B. sphaericus (Bs) in mosquito control programs. The impact of water quality and sunlight on the activity and persistence of commercially available microbial larvicidal formulations based on Bti and Bs was investigated within irrigat...