Microtubules, the active filaments with tubular shapes, play important roles in a wide range of cellular functions, including structural supports, mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport, which are essential for the growth and division of eukaryotic cells. Finding properties of microtubules is one of the main concerns of scientists. This work helps to obtain mechanical properties of m...

in human fertilization, the sperm centrosome nucleates a radial array of microtubules called the sperm aster. the sperm aster is responsible for apposition of male and female pronuclei, and later gives rise to the first meiotic spindle. the objective of this study was to determine microtubule assembly and chromatin configuration in rabbit oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection with human ...

Microtubules are dynamic structures regulated by post-translational modifications called a tubulin code. The pictured jester's cap ‘n’ bells resembles disassembling microtubules—a catastrophe—with the illustrating C-terminal tyrosine on tubulins. One is replaced our chemical proteomics probe, which being attached tubulin-tyrosine ligase. juggling amino acids of proteins animate tyrosination cyc...

In the present work we have studied a novel conjugate of DNA alkylating agent chlorambucil with podophyllotoxin, ligand colchicine binding site in tubulin. The target compound was obtained by Steglich esterification podophyllotoxin percentage yield 41%. Results biotesting carried out on carcinoma A549 cell line revealed that at concentration 2 μM caused full depolymerization microtubules withou...

The detyrosination/retyrosination cycle is the most common post-translational modification of α-tubulin. Removal conserved C-terminal tyrosine α-tubulin by a still elusive tubulin carboxypeptidase, and religation this ligase (TTL), are probably to all eukaryotes. Interestingly, for plants, only candidates qualifying as potential TTL homologs ligase-like 12 proteins. To get insight into biologic...

microtubules are unique cytoskeletal structures that have structural subunits of αβ tubulin. taxol is a typical microtubule stabilizing drug. the epothilones are other natural products with similar mechanism of action totaxol. despite the highly conserved nature of β-tubulin, some organism like saccharomyces cerevesia is resistance to taxol, but sensitive to epothilones. in order to find differ...

objective: to study the structure and distribution of microtubules in embryos derived from young, old and reconstructed oocytes. materials and methods: embryos obtained from old (50 embryos), young (50 embryos) and reconstructed oocytes (10 embryos) were studied by immunocytochemistry. the microtubule structures of the embryos were studied by using fluroscent microscopy with fitc-pi filter and ...

Liquid-liquid phase separation occurs not only in bulk liquid, but also on surfaces. In physiology, the nature and function of condensates cellular structures is just beginning to be explored. Here, we study how condensed protein TPX2 behaves microtubules initiate branching microtubule nucleation, process by which nucleate off sides preexisting microtubules. This autocatalytic nucleation pathwa...

Wnt ؉ BMP ‫؍‬ stem cell tem cell fate is determined by growth factors. But on page 309, Kléber et al. show that the right combination of growth factors can also keep cells from committing to a differentiated fate. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), they find, are maintained by the dual punch of Wnt and BMP. NCSCs have the potential to become many different cell types. For example, Wnt exposure of...

In this paper, vibration of the protein microtubule, one of the most important intracellular elements serving as one of the common components among nanotechnology, biotechnology and mechanics, is investigated using stress and strain gradient elasticity theory and orthotropic elastic shells model. Microtubules in the cell are influenced by internal and external stimulation and play a part in con...