The generalized stream X-machines (stream X-machines with basic functions replaced by relations and having as output, strings of symbols rather than single symbols) with output delimiter (any output string has at the right end side a special delimiter) are introduced. It is proved that testing methods similar to those already developed for ordinary determi-nistic stream X-machines may be applie...

background: zayandeh-rood river is the only perennial river in the central basin of iran that has fresh water. water from this source is used for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes. drinking water is extracted from upstream portion (upstream of chamaseman dam) of zayandeh-rood river and therefore its quality is very important. due to growth of population, industry and other factors,...

A devastating flood in Red River valley in 1997 emphasized the need to study the flood control measures in the Red River basin using state of the art modeling tools. The Red River and its floodplains can be modeled using one-dimensional, quasi two-dimensional or fully two-dimensional hydrodynamic models. Each modeling approach has its own advantages and limitations. The main purpose of this rep...

Flash floods are highly variable phenomena in both time and space. Therefore, tools with the potential to provide early warning are needed to analyse them. In Europe, flash floods often occur on small catchments; it has already been shown that the spatial variability of rainfall has a great impact on the catchment response. The aim of this paper is to use a coupled hydrological-hydraulic model ...

hydraulic simulation of water flow in irrigation canals may reveal management shortcomings and help managers find solutions to them. hydraulic simulation models can be appropriate tools for understanding hydraulic behavior of irrigation systems. in the present study, the steady state hec-ras model was tested and compared with the mike 11 unsteady state model. a secondary irrigation canal in the...