this study was conducted to investigate factors hindering the flow of breast milk, thus interfering with breast feeding during six weeks post delivery in women attending the health units associated with iran medical university in tehran (1993)   a total of 240 mothers were selected of whom 180 nursed their babies exclusively and 60 of them were giving addional helping formula.   based on the fi...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the strength of applied vacuum on the flow rate and yield of breastmilk using an electric breast pump. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-one breastfeeding mothers and two expressing mothers expressed their breastmilk for 15 minutes using an electric breast pump set at their own maximum comfortable vacuum, and at one to three softer vacuums. Milk yield and flow rate were...

background  the mammary gland in humans is a dynamic organ that undergoes significant developmental changes during pregnancy, lactation, and involution. stem cells derived from human breast milk possess the adult stem cell-like characteristics such as self-renewal, proliferative and differentiate potential. this source of stem cells avoids invasive procedures and the ethical controversy of embr...

Different levels of claw vacuum during machine milking may influence milking performance and teat condition. The claw vacuum acts on the teat and is responsible for removal and transport of milk but is also causing potential effects on the teat tissue. In the absence of milk flow, the claw vacuum is similar as the system vacuum. During milk flow, the claw vacuum drops to lower levels depending ...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of milk yield on blood flow variables in the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in dairy cows. METHODS Five healthy dry cows, five cows with a daily milk yield of 10 kg and five others with a daily milk yield of 20 kg underwent B-mode and colour Doppler sonographic examination. The diameter of the veins, blood flow velocities and blood flow volumes...

Alpha (alpha)- and beta (beta)-adrenergic receptors in the bovine mammary gland are mainly present in the teat muscles and in the region where large milk ducts reach the cisternal cavities. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the region of the large mammary ducts is the most important location of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation affecting milk ejection and milk r...

The mechanisms that regulate mammary blood flow during lactation are not fully understood. In the present study laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to measure blood flow in the cutaneous microvessels of the mammary gland of lactating rats. The effects of suckling on blood flow were examined, as were those of local injection of oxytocin (0.5-5 mU) and the vasoactive peptides calcitonin gene-r...

The objective of this study was the comparative evaluation of SIMPL silicone implants and NIT natural teat inserts to keep the teat canal patent after teat surgery. The study was performed on 100 teats of 97 cows treated surgically for milk flow disorders. After surgery, 53 teats were administered with SIMPL and 47 with NIT, and rested for several days. Before treatment and 1 and 6 mo later qua...

An electromagnetic method was adapted to quantitatively measure blood flow through an external pudic artery of the udder in lactating cows during several months. Blood flow through the ipsilateral external pudic vein was blocked while blood was taken from a subcutaneous abdominal vein. Blood flow to milk yield ratio amounted to a mean value of 507:1 in three cows. Peak milk yield occurred befor...

Assessment of milk production is of utmost relevance for pediatricians and scientists interested in early life nutrition. The weight-suckle-weight (WSW) method, which consists of weighing babies before and after they suckle their mother, uses the difference in body weight as an estimate of milk intake. However, this is prone to many sources of error. In the current study, we used for the first ...