In previous works on authentic samples of saffron of known history (harvest and processing year, storage conditions, and length of time) some biomarkers were proposed using both FT-IR and NMR metabolomics regarding the shelf life of the product. This work addresses the difficulties to trace back the “age” of commercial saffron samples of unknown history, sets a limit value above which these pro...

Analyses should logically ensue from the data on which they are based (Morely et al., 2001). When such data are mislabeled (whether knowingly or not) and, in turn, research findings are misconstrued, the integrity of a discipline’s knowledge base is compromised and scientific progress may be delayed, as future investigations in a topic area are misdirected and resources are wasted pursuing fals...

In previous works on authentic samples of saffron of known history (harvest and processing year, storage conditions, and length of time) some biomarkers were proposed using both FT-IR and NMR metabolomics regarding the shelf life of the product. This work addresses the difficulties to trace back the "age" of commercial saffron samples of unknown history, sets a limit value above which these pro...

IntroductionIn recent years, various food scandals have damaged consumer trust in the industry across world (Sarpong, 2014; Garaus & Treiblmaier, 2021). In 2011, China witnessed a massive pork mislabeling scandal along with fraud, which led to recalling donkey meat products that included fox (Kamath, 2018). 2013, several suppliers Europe replaced