The appearance of smartphones and increasing popularity of various mobile applications and services have caused the explosion of mobile data traffic. To avoid overloading the cellular networks, different offloading solutions (such as WiFi networks or femtocells) have been proposed and adopted. Recently, offloading cellular traffic through opportunistic communications among mobile phones becomes...

in this paper, a new propagation model based on utd for multiple diffraction paths in cellular mobile radio communications in urban environments is proposed. moreover, the most rigorous novel utd-based expressions for multiple diffractions by buildings and excess path losses are d - rived and analyzed. for this purpose, building rows are supposed to have rectangular cross-sections with the same...

future increase of mobile communication subscribers will require a great capacity expansion of the cellular systems. in order to accommodate the increasing number of subscribers, the cell size will have to be much smaller than current size. therefore, it is predictable that the location updating and paging procedures will produce a major part of signaling traffic in these networks. this pape...