Chemical processes in clouds and fogs can substantially alter atmospheric oxidant budgets lead to aerosol mass formation. However, many regional global models do not include detailed aqueous-phase chemical mechanisms due the (a) lack of complete understanding (b) computational burden adding constituents. Current gas-aqueous chemistry 0-dimensional were evaluated a cloud-chemistry box model inte...

the goal of this study was to investigate the common clinical chemistry and distribution of xanthine oxidase (xo) in selected tissues of a mouse model of menopause. twenty four nmri female mice were divided into three groups: normal control (nc), and ovariectomized (ovx) groups and an estrogen-treated ovariectomized (ovx+e) group which received subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate (2 mg...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of compounds consisting of more than twobenzene rings fused in a linear, angular, or clustered arrangement and do not contain hetero atomsor carry subsistent. PAHs originate from various sources. They are primarily formed byincomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels such as wood, coal, diesel, fat, or tobacco. Thepresent study reports an...

Abstract. A flexible treatment for gas- and aerosol-phase chemical processes has been developed models of diverse scale, from box up to global models. At the core this novel framework is an “abstracted aerosol representation” that allows a given mechanism be solved in atmospheric with different representations (e.g., sectional, modal, or particle-resolved). This accomplished by treating aerosol...

In this technical note we present the multipurpose atmospheric chemistry model MECCA. Owing to its versatility and modular structure, it can be used for tropospheric as well as stratospheric chemistry calculations. Extending the code to other domains (e.g. mesospheric or oceanic chemistry) is easily possible. MECCA contains a compre-5 hensive atmospheric reaction mechanism that currently includ...