We determined the carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis before and after hajj pilgrimage among a group (1) of 674 randomly selected Iranian pilgrims, and the effect of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin given 24 hours before return on the reduction of meningococcal carriers among another group (2) of 123 randomly selected Iranian pilgrims. Throat specimens taken 1 hour before departure on the hajj and i...

The paper discusses erotic desire and the motif of going on pilgrimage in the opening of Geoffrey Chaucer’s General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales and in William Shakespeare’s sonnets. What connects most of the texts chosen for consideration in the paper is their diptych-like composition, corresponding to the dual theme of eros and pilgrimage. At the outset, I read the first eighteen lines of...

This paper explores transformations of self through pilgrimage consumption. A three year ethnographic study of Lourdes, one of the largest Catholic pilgrimage destinations, reveals the concept of “mini-miracles” to refer to those miracles that occur in and are important to an individual’s life, but are unlikely ever to be officially deemed as miracles in the eyes of the church. Mini-miracles tr...

In the Spill o Llibre de les dones, the 15th century writer and physician from Valencia, Jaume Roig, uses the motif of pilgrimage to attack earthly women, particularly women healers. Roig undermines the salutary function of medieval pilgrimage in order to expose worldly women in their effort to harm male pilgrims. Since men cannot rely on earthly women, they must seek a healing encounter with t...

In the nineteenth century, attitudes towards Catholic pilgrimage travel became increasingly critical as newspaper reporters and writers attacked pilgrims for choosing to in comfort, at speed, by train. This paper argues that reason this change can be pinpointed two key things: widespread popularity of a comic verse, The Pilgrim Peas, 1873 English Pilgrimage rail Paray-le-Monial. It together the...

The article examines pilgrimage tourism as a modern socio-cultural phenomenon on the example of major world religions. An attempt is made to explain and determine its features by drawing parallel between religious (cultural) pilgrimage. It determined that basis an ancient tradition, which becoming global against background weakening role political ideologies. In addition, contributes expansion ...

Aplasmid-mediated transferable colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, was recently described in China (1) and was rapidly reported in several other countries (2). The spread of the mcr-1 gene was not only reported in Escherichia coli but also associated with other Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from human clinical samples, farm animals, and travelers (2, 3). However, whether or not the mcr-1 gen...

Context: The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th or 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar, with a population of more than 2 million pilgrims in Mecca. Muslims have a series of verdicts in an appealing scenario such as Abraham the prophet. The Hajj pilgrimage is one of the most important verdicts in not only Islam but also all of the Abrahamian religions. Hajj is the 2...

Local histories have long examined both the ties that bind communities together and the developments that make them distinct. As is evident in the term itself, "local" history takes as the most fundamental of these ties the connection of a group of people to a particular location. It is curious, therefore, that writers of local history have often taken this geographic connection for granted. Th...