We undertook this investigation to determine the interrater reliability of manual tests of elbow flexor muscle spasticity graded on a modified Ashworth scale. We each independently graded the elbow flexor muscle spasticity of 30 patients with intracranial lesions. We agreed on 86.7% of our ratings. The Kendall's tau correlation between our grades was .847 (p less than .001). Thus, the relations...

Spasticity is mostly due to an excess of impulses to alpha motor neurons partly resulting from a change of interneuron activity. Low threshold afferent has been reported to change the activity in interneuron. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of surface spinal paravertebral stimulation on knee extensor spasticity. Ten survivors of stroke, with knee extensor spasticity, rec...

This study sought to investigate the relationships between clinical and neurophysiologic assessments of spasticity after injection of botulinum toxin-A in children with cerebral palsy. A total of 40 children were recruited. Clinical assessments included the modified Ashworth scale and modified Tardieu scale parameters R1, R2, and D. Neurophysiologic assessment included compound motor action pot...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is currently no consensus on (1) the percentage of patients who develop spasticity after ischemic stroke, (2) the relation between spasticity and initial clinical findings after acute stroke, and (3) the impact of spasticity on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, 301 consecutive patients with clinic...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. METHODS The study included eleven subjects with spinal cord injuries (C4 to T5). The modified Ashworth scale and pendulum test, which is accomplished through the Pendular Test Device - PTD (equipment which has a quartz crystal transducer accelerometer and optic fiber fle...

Objectives: One of the most common and disabling complications that affects individuals with spinal cord injury is spasticity. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of agonist and antagonist electrical stimulations on triceps surae muscle spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with spinal cord injury were considered for the study. They were...

The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) is a clinical instrument for measuring spasticity. Few studies have been performed on the reliability of the MMAS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrarater reliability of the MMAS for the assessment of spasticity in the lower limb. We conducted a test-retest study on spasticity in the hip adductors, knee extensors, and ankle plan...