data envelopment analysis (dea) has been proven as an efficient technique to evaluate the performance of homogeneous decision making units (dmus) where multiple inputs and outputs exist. in the conventional applications of dea, the data are considered as specific numerical values with explicit designation of being an input or output. however, the observed values of the data are sometimes imprec...

In most modern manufacturing systems, products are often the output of some multistage processes. In these processes, the stages are dependent on each other, where the output quality of each stage depends also on the output quality of the previous stages. This property is called the cascade property. Although there are many studies in multistage process monitoring, there are fewer works on prof...