The dwindling energy resources and the compliance of international climate protection goals lead to a rethink in the automobile sector. One result of this rethink is the increasing distribution of electric vehicles in the last years. This development includes a new challenge for the training sector. For example, the implementation of a highvoltage system into automobiles involves a new hazard p...

In localized globalization era, it appears that the modular design enables something new to be played, and thus at burning issue is the reconsideration of to what extent the modular design is applicable. To delve into a desirable modular design in not distant future, this paper describes first the present perspective including some facing problems and milestones in the developing history of the...

In this paper, we demonstrate the capability of mass, a real-time design language, for large systems speciication. The paper presents a hierarchical speciication of an automatic cruise controller that evolves through stepwise reenement. In particular, we show modular design, the separation of the functional and reactive concerns, and the succinct and intuitive nature of speciications in mass.

Suppose you are an architect and you have recently completed a challenging project: designing and building a sturdy modern house on a sandy stretch of ground where several previous architects had failed. The shifting ground had cracked their one-piece rigid concrete foundations. You vowed not to repeat their mistakes, so you designed a novel foundational system that avoided the use of concrete ...

In this paper we examine how the adoption of EDI can increase the flexibility of a modular supply chain of organisations to match customised demand, and how expected costs and benefits of such the adoption are distributed among these organisations. Within a modular supply chain, organisations form process module networks in response to customised demand. These networks indicate in what order pr...

Abstract The concept of spin model is due to V. F. R. Jones. The concept of nonsymmetric spin model, which generalizes that of the original (symmetric) spin model, is defined naturally. In this paper, we first determine the diagonal matrices T satisfying the modular invariance or the quasi modular invariance property, i.e., (PT) = s/rnP or (PT) = m%I (respectively), for the character table P of...

This paper describes a modeling, simulation, and integration framework developed at Sandia National Laboratories with support from ORION International Technologies, Inc. This framework, called Umbra, increases the efficiency for developing new applications and for integrating new and/or existing applications. A process for rapidly and effectively developing new modeling and simulation applicati...

This work studies the problem of design of discrete-time nonlinear observers in the presence of exogenous disturbances. In particular, the present work proposes a systematic design method for discrete-time nonlinear state and disturbance observers in modular form, consisting of an observer for the disturbance-free part of the system, along with a disturbance observer and a stateestimate correct...

This paper introduces the theoretical design of reconfigurable machine tools using modular design approach. First, the general concept of modular robot and its growing need is introduced. Second, the design of reconfigurable parallel kinematic machines is discussed and the geometric modeling of such figures is presented and explained, and potential applications are described. Finally, a case st...