Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a very important mycotoxin, and its research is focused right now on the new findings of OTA, like being a complete carcinogen, information about OTA producers and new exposure sources of OTA. Citrinin (CIT) is another important mycotoxin, too, and its research turns towards nephrotoxicity. Both additive and synergistic effects have been described in combination with OTA. ...

Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) of Monascus purpureus on rice is a promising new technology for obtaining natural pigments. However, before attempts can be made at maximizing pigment yield, all significant macroscopic compounds should be assayed. Here, Monascus purpureus has been grown on rice in batch mode, and the evolution of the main components, biomass, residual rice, O(2), CO(2), ethan...

Monascus purpureus is an important medicinal and edible microbial resource. To facilitate biological, biochemical, and molecular research on medicinal components of M. purpureus, we investigated the M. purpureus transcriptome by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). An RNA-seq library was created using RNA extracted from a mixed sample of M. purpureus expressing different levels of monacolin K output. In t...

The genus Monascus was described by van Tieghem (1884) to accommodate M. ruber and M. mucoroides, two species with non-ostiolate ascomata. Species delimitation in the genus is still mainly based on phenotypic characters, and taxonomic studies that include sequence data are limited. The genus is of economic importance. Species are used in fermented Asian foods as food colourants (e.g. 'red rice'...

Monascus merupakan kapang filamentous penghasil pigmen yang telah lama digunakan sebagai pewarna alami pangan, terutama M. purpureus dan ruber. Anka kultur padat dari dengan media beras. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk analisis merah, oranye kuning purpureus. Beras IR42 pembuatan diinkubasi selama 30 menit. Ekstraksi menggunakan solven metanol diukur spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 500 nm 4...

Rice fermented with the mold Monascus purpureus, also known as the red yeast rice (RYR) used in traditional Chinese medicine, contains pharmacologically important monacolins. The prescription statin, lovastatin, is identical to monacolin K, and there is a suspicion of spiking RYR products with lovastatin. Profiling authentic and raw RYR samples has the potential to distinguish the spiked from n...

This paper describes the nutritional requirements for the improvement of growth and sporulation of several strains of Monascus purpureus on solid state cultivation. The findings revealed that glucose enhanced growth of all M. purpureus strains tested but inhibited the sporulation rate. On the other hand, sucrose induced sporulation but inhibited production of cell mass. A combination of glucose...

The fermentation process in general is a kind of non-linear and time-variant system. It is necessary to determine optimal conditions in the fermentation process with multiple performance characteristics In this study, a Grey-based Taguchi Method was applied to find the optimal conditions of medium composition to enhance the production of biomass, monacolin K, pigments synthesis, and to reduce t...