Introduction: In the Holy Quran, hope, especially hope for the future, has been addressed many times and in different ways. In general, the study of the concept of hope shows that in any case, hope means expecting to achieve the goal accompanied by effort. In recent years, to achieve such a goal, especially in Iran, integrated monotheistic therapy has been used. The aim of this study was to des...

Abstract The prophet Zoroaster founded the first monotheistic religion in history, which once rose to great imperial status and still survives unchanged today despite centuries of Muslim pressure. Unlike founders other religions after him, he achieved this not through overthrow original Iranian polytheism but its deep reform—a strategy that made acceptance easier ensured a continuing role for p...

contemporary philosophy is replete with various theories about rationality; however, the general concept of rationality is ambiguous. through exploring into the renowned schools of epistemology and philosophy of science, richard foley finds out the purpose and perspective to be constant elements in all theories of rationality. the purpose is the entity needed or desired by the individual and ca...

In this article, the author proposes that moral perfectionism, which springs primarily from psychological disturbance at anal stage of an individual’s early development, is personality basis political extremism. Furthermore, taking cultural influences into consideration, perfectionists developed in three different belief systems (animistic, monotheistic, or atheistically humanistic system) mani...