The free will defense attempts to show that the existence of God is logically compatible with the existence of evil, and it received its most sophisticated development in the work of Alvin Plantinga (1974). Many philosophers believe that Plantinga’s free will defense conclusively demonstrates the logical compatibility of God and evil. Philosophers such as W. Alston, R. Adams, and W. Rowe have w...

the existence of different kinds of evil in the world has always been taken to criticize the rationality of theism by atheists. the swinburne’s teleological theodicy is a significant response to the problem of evil among theists’ different answers. in his theodicy, swinburne contends that his theodicy may answer the problem of moral evil besides answering the problem of natural evil. the purpos...

We can distinguish the evil person in two ways. One is to pick out some trait, or narrow cluster of traits, and argue that individuals are evil if they possess those traits to a sufficiently extreme degree. Call theories that characterize evil in this manner extremity views. The second method takes evil to consist in being vicious, not just in one respect, but thoroughly or consistently. Call t...

Moral absolutes have little or no moral standing in our morally diverse modern society. Moral relativism is far more palatable for most ethicists and to the public at large. Yet, when pressed, every moral relativist will finally admit that there are some things which ought never be done. It is the rarest of moral relativists that will take rape, murder, theft, child sacrifice as morally neutral...

it is a well-known position that al-ghazali believes in the disability of reason to know moral goodness and badness, and it is in need of religious laws to know them. but is this because of his belief in reason’s structural disability or is it based on another ground? in this paper we take into consideration this view-point and investigate its real foundations. we show that al-ghazali seriously...

Abstract In this paper, I highlight three objections to vice-based accounts of moral evil: (1) the worry that evil are explanatorily inadequate; (2) even extreme vice is not sufficient for evil; and (3) all vices inversions virtue (and so will struggle explain “mirror thesis”). argue it possible respond these by developing a account draws on insights from vice) epistemology. way, seek defend st...

While a considerable secondary literature revolves around the issue of whether Marx believed that the concepts of “justice” and “injustice” – and hence, by implication, other comparable moral terms as well – had any non-relative meaning, there is really no doubt that a strong moral vision, with emphasis on the evil aspects of the capitalist system as a system of exploitation, undergirded all of...

I argue that deeply ingrained dispositions to do evil not render moral perfection impossible. discuss various accounts of and the evidence from cognitive (neuro)science points towards a strong disposition for evil. Afterwards, three strategies can allow humans overcome their dispositions. These are: enhancement, avoiding triggering situations structural solutions.

The author notes an increased interest in the concept of "evil" in the fields of psychiatry and psychology. In particular, there is some interest in defining and testifying about evil. It is argued that evil can never be scientifically defined because it is an illusory moral concept, it does not exist in nature, and its origins and connotations are inextricably linked to religion and mythology....