in the present study, the effect of gaba (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor agonists and antagonists on morphine-induced antinociception was investigated in formalin test in rats. intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of different doses of morphine (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of different doses of muscimol (0.5, 1 and 2 g/rat) or baclofen (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/rat) ...

there is some evidence supporting the reduced activity of integrins following chronic administration of morphine. this reduction might play a role in morphine tolerance development. manganese binds to the extracellular domain of integrins and makes them to be activated. the effect of integrins activation using manganese on tolerance development to the analgesic effect of morphine was investigat...

There is some evidence supporting the reduced activity of integrins following chronic administration of morphine. This reduction might play a role in morphine tolerance development. Manganese binds to the extracellular domain of integrins and makes them to be activated. The effect of integrins activation using manganese on tolerance development to the analgesic effect of morphine was investi...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) inhibitor (KN-93) injection into the locus coeruleus (LC) on the modulation of withdrawal signs. We also sought to study the effect of chronic morphine administration on CaMKIIα activity in the rat LC. Methods: The research was based on behavioral and molecular studies. In the behav...

objective(s) studies have shown that morphine, in addition to its analgesic properties, has several effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. there is also evidence that opioid receptors are present on chondrocytes. our main objective in the present study was to investigate the effects of morphine on rat femur growth cartilage. materials and methods this research was carried out on 18 4-week...

In the present study, the effects of intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) injections of apomorphine D1, D2-like receptors agonists on morphine-induced place preference in male Wistar rats have been investigated. Subcutaneous administration of different dose of morphine sulphate (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP). Intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) admin...

objective: social belief and experimental evidences indicate that opium and its alkaloids, morphine, produced hypoglycemic effects in animal models. this study was conducted in order to determine the role of morphine on blood glucose and insulin. material and methods: this is an empirical analysis investigating the laboratory albino male rats weighing 200-250 g. rats in the control group receiv...

introduction: motor behavior and coordination impairment are known side effects of opioid treatment, yet very few studies have investigated the effects of tramadol on motor behavior, or compared its effect with the effect of an opioid. this study investigates the effects of chronic injection of morphine and tramadol on rat motor function during infancy. methods: neonate rats (n=56) were randoml...

In the present study, the effects of intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) injections of apomorphine D1, D2-like receptors agonists on morphine-induced place preference in male Wistar rats have been investigated. Subcutaneous administration of different dose of morphine sulphate (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP). Intra-cerebral hippocampus (CA1) admin...

objective(s): smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. the aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. materials and methods: wistar rats were used for the experiments. in the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injections...