androgens have been shown to affect cognitive aspects of spatial memory. testosterone which is the most important androgen, plays a role in the organization of behavior during development. also, it has been shown that androgens cause sex related differences in learning and memory especially during neonatal period. in the current study, we assessed the effects of castration and testosterone enan...

objective(s) learning is defined as the acquisition of information and skills, while subsequent retention of that information is called memory. the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of boswellia papyrifera on learning and memory paradigms in mice and rats. materials and methods this study was held at the department of pharmacology, faculty of pharma...

previous studies have shown that caffeine has beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in sleep deprived male rats. therefore in the present study, we examined the effects of chronic caffeine administration on learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation (sd) in the intact and ovarectomized (ovx) female rats. two sets of animals including intact and ovx were randomly recruited...

Mouse models have been indispensable for elucidating normal and pathological processes that influence learning and memory. A widely used method for assessing these cognitive processes in mice is the Morris water maze, a classic test for examining spatial learning and memory. However, Morris water maze studies with mice have principally been performed using adult animals, which preclude studies ...

Previous studies have shown that physical activity improves learning and memory. Present study was performed to determine the effects of acute, chronic and continuous exercise with different periods on spatial learning and memory recorded as the latency and length of swim path in the Morris water maze testing in subsequent 8 days. Four rat groups were included as follows: 1- Group C (controls w...

In the present study, F-344 rats throughout 1.5 to 26 months of age were tested in the reference memory version, a moving-platform repeated acquisition version, and in a cued platform version of the Morris water maze. The results suggest that: (1) performance in the water maze declines continuously, beginning at the earliest age, and very closely fits a linear function; (2) there are robust, re...

objective(s): smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. the aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. materials and methods: wistar rats were used for the experiments. in the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injections...

objective(s) diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of learning and memory and cognitive functioning. aegle marmelos corr. from rutaceae family is widely used in iranian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. considering the beneficial antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of a. marmelos, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral administration of a. mar...

introduction: the brain renin-angiotensin system (ras) has been reported having a pathological role in age-related impairment in learning and memory. therefore, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (acei) are expected to have positive effects on memory. longtime treatment with captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) significantly attenuates the age-related impairment in learn...

introduction: it has been reported that acute administration of morphine impairs learning and memory processes in rats. furthermore, recent studies showed that saffron extract improved ethanol-induced impairments of learning behaviors in mice, and also prevented ethanol-induced inhibition of hippocampal long-term potentiation. it can be postulated that there are some common mechanisms responsib...