background: inequality in households’ and individuals' consumption expenditures is one of the most important aspects of health status difference among households and individuals. objectives: we investigated the impact of some macro-economic factors specially inequality factors on the iranian rural health status since 1986 through 2012. patients and methods: we conducted a longitudinal ecologica...

We study inequality in mortality Finland using registry data that covers the whole population for years 1990-2018. create municipality-level indexes of regional deprivation (poverty rate), and show how age-specifc rates have evolved across regions over time. The has been remarkably low time period most age groups. However, among young prime-age males persistently higher poorer areas. For these ...

OBJECTIVES There is uncertainty about whether position in a socioeconomic hierarchy confers different mortality risks on men and women. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of gender differences in socioeconomic inequality in risk of death. METHODS This research systematically reviewed observational cohort studies describing all cause or cause specific mortality for ...

In the past six decades, lifespan inequality has varied greatly within and among countries even while life expectancy has continued to increase. How and why does mortality change generate this diversity? We derive a precise link between changes in age-specific mortality and lifespan inequality, measured as the variance of age at death. Key to this relationship is a young-old threshold age, belo...

OBJECTIVE Adverse living standards are associated with poorer child health and safety. This study investigates whether adverse housing and neighbourhood conditions contribute to explain country-level associations between a country's economic level and income inequality and child mortality, specifically injury mortality. DESIGN Ecological, cross-sectional study. SETTING/SUBJECTS Twenty-six E...

OBJECTIVE To investigate relations between labour market income inequality and mortality in North American metropolitan areas. METHODS An ecological cross sectional study of relations between income inequality and working age (25-64 years) mortality in 53 Canadian (1991) and 282 US (1990) metropolitan areas using four measures of income inequality. Two labour market income concepts were used:...

Many recent studies point to increasing inequality in mortality in the United States over the past 20 years. These studies often use mortality rates in middle and old age. We used poverty level rankings of groups of U.S. counties as a basis for analyzing inequality in mortality for all age groups in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Consistent with previous studies, we found increasing inequality in mortal...

BACKGROUND The relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada is unclear, and modifying effects of characteristics such as immigration have not been examined. METHODS Using a cohort of 2 million Canadians followed for mortality from 1991-2001, we calculated HRs and 95% CIs for income inequality of 140 urban areas (Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, coefficient of variation; express...

OBJECTIVE To compare the relation between mortality and income inequality in Canada with that in the United States. DESIGN The degree of income inequality, defined as the percentage of total household income received by the less well off 50% of households, was calculated and these measures were examined in relation to all cause mortality, grouped by and adjusted for age. SETTING The 10 Cana...