The development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is strongly associated with complement activation and deposition. To characterize the role of C5a and its receptor (C5aR) in SLE, C5aR-deficient mice were backcrossed nine generations onto the lupus-like MRL(lpr) genetic background. Evidence is presented that C5aR modulates both renal injury and T cell responses in MRL(lpr) m...

In autoimmune/lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), defective Fas death receptor function causes lymphadenomegaly/splenomegaly, the expansion of T-cell receptor αβ(+) CD4/CD8 double-negative T cells, and frequent development of hematologic autoimmunity. Dianzani autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease (DALD) has a similar phenotype but lacks the expansion of double-negative T cells. This work sho...

background: one of the affecting factors in disturbance process of spermatogenesis is chemotherapeutic-induced oxidative stress resulted from cyclophosphamide (cp) treatment which leads to diminished sperm quality via interference in spermatogenesis process. objective: this study was conducted to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (ep) in reducing the cp-induced side effects on reproduct...

objective(s):recent evidence have proposed that tretinoin produced in the gut preferentially promote differentiation of foxp3+treg cells but inhibits th17 lymphocytes, and this may be the main immunomdulatory mechanism of tretinoin  in vivo. this study was done to investigate the effects of tretinoin in outbred white mice after challenge with sheep red blood cells (srbc). materials and methods:...

glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration have been shown as pathophysiological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (ms) and other autoimmune inflammatory cns disorders. n‑methyl‑d‑aspartate (nmda) receptors play a pivotal role in the mediation of neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity leading to cellular damage and apoptotic cell death. current treatment approaches targeting glutamate exc...

the use of liposome as an adjuvant and a vaccine carrier has been cited previously in the literature. it has also been shown to be effective in enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. balb/c mice immunized subcutaneously with outer membrane protein (omp) of brucella abortus s19 vaccine strain entrapped in a commercial cationic liposome (s19-omp-liposome) for vaccine delivery, showed...