This article discusses statistical methods for the analysis of multivariate data in experiments with a relatively small number of subjects. Methods based on the assumption of multivariate normality have power that decreases rapidly as the number of variates increases for a fixed sample size. In some investigations, the number of variates exceeds the sample size creating an awkward dilemma in cl...

_________________________________________ Epiphytic lichen communities are included in the national Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program because they help us assess resource contamination, biodiversity, and sustainability in the context of forest health. In 1996, field crews collected lichen samples on 141 field plots systematically located across all forest ownership groups in Idaho. Results...

This research proposes an enhanced teaching–learning based optimization (ETLBO) algorithm to realize efficient path planning for a mobile robot. Four strategies are introduced accelerate the (TLBO) and optimize final path. Firstly, divide-and-conquer design, coupled with Dijkstra method, is developed problem transformation so as pave way deployment. Secondly, interpolation method utilized smoot...

To better understand how water stress and availability affect the structure of microbial communities in soil, I measured the change in phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and the incorporation of C-labeled glucose into the PLFA following exposure to water stress. Overlaid on the laboratory water stress treatment, samples were collected from drought-prone and irrigated (11 years) tallgrass prairie s...

Ormancılıkta flora üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar sürdürülebilir ormancılık ve biyolojik çeşitlilik önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışma Gölcük Tabiat Parkında odunsu çeşitliliğinin belirlenerek çevresel değişkenlerle ilişkilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada arazi envanteri ile 20x20 metre boyutlarında 25 örnekleme alanı alınmıştır. Her bir için bitki taksonla...

This study tests the assumption that the characteristics of channels within multiple channel rivers are different from those of single channel rivers. Some river restoration approaches propose radical transformation of river patterns, from multiple to single channels, based on the link between river patterns and their in-channel characteristics. Determining the links between river patterns and ...

Mesophotic reefs (30–150 m) occur in the tropics and subtropics at depths beyond most scientific diving, thereby making conventional surveys challenging. Towed cameras, submersibles, mixed-gas divers were used to survey mesophotic reef fish assemblages benthic substrates of Au‘au Channel, between Hawaiian Islands Maui Lāna‘i. Non-parametric multivariate analysis: Non-metric Multidimensional Sca...

This study was designed to determine the technical and economic efficiency levels of the commercial basal feeds enriched with 10%, 5% and 0% rates of LNA (LNA10, LNA5 and LNA0) on the growth performance of brown trout by analyzing the marginal factor cost (MFC) and the marginal revenue of physical product (MRPP). A total of 300 brown trout with an initial individual weight of 4±0.05 g were rand...

We compared canopy arthropod assemblages among overstory conifer and understory angiosperm species at Teakettle Experimental Forest in the Sierra Nevada in California during 1998–2000. Arthropods were sampled from upper, middle, and lower crown levels of one overstory tree of each of the four dominant conifer species (Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, white fir, and incense cedar), and from three under...