In order that multicast routing characteristics are reflected under wireless environments, multicast routing metric is required for qualifying the multicast tree cost in wireless multi-hop mesh networks. We design a new multicast routing metric called the multicast-tree transmission ratio which quantifies the multicast tree cost, considering the link quality of wireless multicast channels as we...

The next generation Internet and high-performance networks are expected to support multicast routing with QoS constraints. To facilitate this, QoS multicast routing protocols are pivotal in enabling new member to join a multicast group. Multicast routing is establishing a tree which is rooted from the source node and contains all the multicast destinations. A multicast routing tree with multipl...

As WDM technology matures, IP over WDM multicast becomes a new challenging topic. Supporting multicast at the WDM layer provides additional advantages, but also raises many new issues that do not exist in IP multicast. For example, the limitation on the light splitting capability of switches is one major difficulty in WDM multicast, and in addition, the limitations on both the wavelength conver...

Recently, audio and video delivery services are widely spread in the Internet. In order to deliver these data to multiple receivers at the same time, the multicast technologies are indispensable. In such a situation, the performance analysis of multicast traffic will be important in order to design and operate the Internet. Multicast traffic is controlled by its own routing protocol and the mul...

Multicast routing is establishing a tree which is routed from the source node and contains all the multicast destinations. Based on the way the state information is maintained, the existing multicast routing algorithms can be divided in three classes: source routing, distributed routing and hierarchical routing algorithms. A distributed multicast routing protocol for real-time multicast applica...

Providing multicast service to mobile hosts in wireless mobile networking environments is difficult due to frequent changes of mobile host location and group membership. If a conventional multicast routing protocol is used in wireless mobile networks, several problems may be experienced since existing multicast routing protocols assume static hosts when they construct the multicast delivery tre...

Multicast routing research efforts have mostly focused on supporting the host-group model in which multicast packets are addressed to a host (or multicast) group. Another multicast routing approach uses multi-destination addressing, where a multicast packet carries a list of the unique (unicast) addresses of all the group members. This form of routing can be accomplished using limited or no add...

In this paper, we propose a Multicast Routing Protocol termed ZBMRP (Zone Based Multicast Routing Protocol) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). ZBMRP applies on-demand procedures to dynamically establish mesh-based multicast routing zones along the path from the multicast source node to the multicast receivers. Control packet flooding is employed inside multicast zones, thus multicast overhead...

To support group oriented service which is said to be the primary application that are addressed by Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in recent years, multicast routing is used. Hence there is a need to design stable and reliable multicast routing protocols for MANETs. Hydra, the first multicast routing protocol for MANETs establishes a multicast routing structure approximating the set of source-...

Multicast Routing is widely used by various media applications (teleconference, distance learning...). The combination of multicast routing and Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics helps handling the technical requirements and brings better services to end-users. This paper proposes an extension of Distributed Routing Algorithm (DRA) for supporting multicast routing. The proposed algorithm ...