The genomic content of Enterobacter sakazakii strain ATCC BAA-894 was analyzed for variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs). In this study we report the development of a multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) strategy for the subtyping of E. sakazakii. The method is based on a GeneScan analysis of four VNTR loci labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes. This approach was applied to a collection of 112...

The initial purpose of the present study was to replicate procedures for teaching preschool children to recruit attention at appropriate times by having an experimenter signal the availability and unavailability of attention (i.e., arrange a multiple schedule involving reinforcement and extinction; Tiger & Hanley, 2004). Following the development of discriminated social responding, the schedule...

background: intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is an established treatment of immune mediated demyelinating neuropathy including guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. recent trials suggest its efficacy in treating relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. ivig exerts a number of effects, which may be beneficial in treating multiple sclerosis (ms): reductio...

Inundation is linked to water, carbon, and energy budgets at landscape to global scales. We describe a new remote-sensing technique for identifying inundated areas based on the properties of the glitter—the strong, angular signature reflection that is characteristic of surface water and uncharacteristic of other cover types. We discriminated three cover types—vegetation emergent above inundated...

Clinical applications of multiple-schedule arrangements have generally been used to produce discriminated manding. The present study evaluated the effects of a multiple-schedule arrangement with rules on the rate of mands for one child diagnosed with autism. We sought to bring the participant’s mands under discriminative control of adult behavior that closely matched naturally occurring discrim...

To clarify the acoustic features that distinguish the alveolo-palatal affricates [t] from the alveolar affricate [ts] or the alveolar fricative [s], Japanese words with these consonants, pronounced by single and multiple native speakers of Japanese, were analyzed with a one-third octave bandpass filter. In the frequency range of 2500–4000 Hz, [t] had much higher intensity than [ts] or [s]. In...

a bstract       background:  patients with multiple sclerosis experience hospitalization several times in their lives. certainly, providing ef fi cient and high-quality care by healthcare professionals is not possible unless the experiences of patients’ hospitalization are taken into consideration. this qualitative study was aimed to identify experiences of patients with multiple sclerosis in t...